Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Discussion

HLT 362 Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Discussion

Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics

Article Citation and Permalink (APA format)	Ingels, J. S., Misra, R., Stewart, J., Lucke-Wold, B., & Shawley-Brzoska, S. (2017). The effect of adherence to dietary tracking on weight loss: using HLM to model weight loss over time. Journal of diabetes research, 2017. Permalink: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jdr/2017/6951495/
Point	Description
Broad Topic Area/Title	The effect of adherence to dietary tracking on weight loss
Problem Statement (What is the problem research is addressing?)	The main problem in the study is the increasing cases of obesity and overweight which leads to other cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is condition that impacts different populations across the globe. The condition is common to people of all age groups. The research therefore focuses on the effect of adherence to dietary tracking on weight loss.
Purpose Statement (What is the purpose of the study?)	The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of adherence to dietary tracking on weight loss.
Research Questions (What questions does the research seek to answer?)	What are the impacts of adherence to dietary tracking on weight loss? Does better adherence to the dietary tracking led to an increase in weight loss?
Define Hypothesis (Or state the correct hypothesis based upon variables used)	Null Hypothesis (HO): Adherence to dietary tracking does not have significant impacts on weight loss Alternative Hypothesis (H1): Adherence to dietary tracking have significant impacts on weight loss
Identify Dependent and Independent Variables and Type of Data for the Variables	Independent variable: Adherence to dietary tracking (categorical variable) Having Trouble Meeting Your Deadline? Get your assignment on Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Discussion  completed on time. avoid delay and – ORDER NOW Do My Paper Dependent variable: Body weight (continuous variable)
Population of Interest for Study	The population of interest in the study included diabetic patients from different communities
Sample	The sample size used in the study was 45.
Sampling Method	Simple random sampling methods was used in the study process.
Identify Data Collection Identify how data were collected	The process of data collection involved the application of questionnaires. Also, healthcare databases were applied in the collection of information including weight as well as dietary tracking.
Summarize Data Collection Approach	The process of data collection involved filling out questionnaires by the information obtained from the databases. The collected data were then recorded in the excel spreadsheet ready for analysis.
Discuss Data Analysis Include what types of statistical tests were used for the variables.	In the process of data analysis, descriptive statistics was applied to show the attributes of variables under consideration in the study process. Both dependent and independent variables were considered in the process of data analysis. Frequencies as well as percentages were applied in the process of data analysis. Hypothesis testing was tested at p = 0.05 (Ingels et al., 2017). The bivariate Pearson’s correlation between dependent and independent variable was 0.32
Summarize Results of Study	From the study, dietary tracking was found to be an important component of successful weight loss. Consistent tracking was found to be a significant predictor of weight loss.
Summary of Assumptions and Limitations Identify the assumptions and limitations from the article. Report other potential assumptions and limitations of your review not listed by the author.	One of the assumption is that the data collected were normally distributed with a standardized mean and variance. It was also assumed that the hypothesis were tested in a cost-effective manner. Finally, it was assumed that that research environment was perfect for the studies identified.

 

Ethical Considerations

Researchers are always required to adhere to different ethics. Successful research outcomes require study participants to stick to the ethical requirements in the research process. Ethical considerations are important in guiding the research processes and the general outcomes of the studies. Confidentiality of information is one of the ethical concerns considered in the study process. In most cases, the confidentiality of information is critical in the determination of accurate and effective outcomes (Ingels et al., 2017). While undertaking the research process, researchers coded different information to reduce unauthorized access from different persons (Edwards, 2020). Also, different databases were used to provide security to the data applied in the study process. The data encryption process was also considered in the data collection processes. In other words, most of the data was encrypted to avoid or reduce unauthorized access from third parties. The codes were mainly used to record patient’s information to avoid the access of information by other users. Also, from the research, consent was applied. The potential respondents were required to sign consent documentation to confirm their willingness to take part in the study process. Before collecting information from the databases, consents were obtained from the representatives and the officials from the healthcare institutions (Alderson & Morrow, 2020). While undertaking the research processes, it is also necessary to present the consent documentation so as to seek approval or confirm the willingness of the study participants to take part in the study. In the above quantitative research, researchers managed to seek consent from parents so that the newborns could be involved in the study process. The data analysis process was conducted in line with the required procedures to ensure accuracy in the outcomes. The security of data obtained from the databases was maintained at all levels in the research process.

References

Alderson, P., & Morrow, V. (2020). The ethics of research with children and young people: A practical handbook. Sage.

Edwards, J. R. (2020). The peaceful coexistence of ethics and quantitative research. Journal of Business Ethics, 167(1), 31-40. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-019-04197-6

Ingels, J. S., Misra, R., Stewart, J., Lucke-Wold, B., & Shawley-Brzoska, S. (2017). The effect of adherence to dietary tracking on weight loss: using HLM to model weight loss over time. Journal of diabetes research, 2017. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jdr/2017/6951495/

Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics Discussion

Ethical Consideration

Since the study subjects considered were students and nurses, ethical approval was sought from the Tezpur Medical College Hospital. The research proposal was then submitted to the committee for approval, where the committee ascertained that the study followed all the required measures required to start data collection from the students. Informed consent is one ethical issue that affected this study. This study sought the consent of the respondent before taking information from them. Participants have the choice to participate or decline to participate in the survey (Mahanta et al., 2021). In this sense, the study upheld high levels of honesty and integrity. For instance, the conduct of the researcher influenced honest answers from respondents. Besides, honest answers reflected the true picture of the topic of study. The increasing level of researcher openness was significant in attaining a significant response rate. This aimed at gaining the trust of respondents to participate in the study by answering the asked question with utmost sincerity. The respondents read information about the study before deciding whether to participate or not. The study also ensured the privacy of participant information by making the questionnaires anonymous so that the identity of participants is not revealed. The researcher handled the responses alone, and the information from respondents was not to get to any third party.

Rationale

The article is credible in studying one of the common problems in healthcare. The high sample size used in this study further defines the accuracy and generalizability of its finding in the overall healthcare domain. This evaluation, therefore, ascertains that this article is of great importance in supporting the thesis of hygiene in healthcare and the reduction of HAIs.

References

Gupta, N., Bhatawadekar, S., Patil, K., Lahiri, K. K., Modak, M. S., & Kumar, M. (2022). Efficacy of hand hygiene by use of different handwashing solutions and drying methods- Report from Western India. IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.016

Mahanta, B., Das, D. K., Borah, P., Mahanta, P., & Dutta, M. (2021). Knowledge of hand cleanliness among medical students and nurses at tertiary healthcare centre: A cross-sectional study. Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, 12(1), 43-47.https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4b35/fefaf24d792853a38d9e56f57b5e3ae25e25.pdf

Nasution, T. A., Yunita, R., Pasaribu, A. P., & Ardinata, F. M. (2019). Effectiveness hand washing and hand rub method in reducing total bacteria colony from nurses in Medan. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(20), 3380. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.427

1)Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics

Search the GCU Library and find one new health care article that uses quantitative research. Do not use an article from a previous assignment, or that appears in the Topic Materials or textbook.

Complete an article analysis and ethics evaluation of the research using the “Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics” template. See Chapter 5 of your textbook as needed, for assistance.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

2)Summary and Descriptive Statistics

There is often the requirement to evaluate descriptive statistics for data within the organization or for health care information. Every year the National Cancer Institute collects and publishes data based on patient demographics. Understanding differences between the groups based upon the collected data often informs health care professionals towards research, treatment options, or patient education.

Using the data on the “National Cancer Institute Data” Excel spreadsheet, calculate the descriptive statistics indicated below for each of the Race/Ethnicity groups. Refer to your textbook and the Topic Materials, as needed, for assistance in with creating Excel formulas.

Provide the following descriptive statistics:

1. Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, and Mode

2. Measures of Variation: Variance, Standard Deviation, and Range (a formula is not needed for Range).

3. Once the data is calculated, provide a 150-250 word analysis of the descriptive statistics on the spreadsheet. This should include differences and health outcomes between groups.

APA style is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

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Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
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One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.
Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
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APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

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Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
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Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics

Article Citation and Permalink (APA format)	Article 1 Mahanta, B., Das, D. K., Borah, P., Mahanta, P., & Dutta, M. (2021). Knowledge of hand cleanliness among medical students and nurses at tertiary healthcare centre: A cross-sectional study. Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, 12(1), 43-47.https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4b35/fefaf24d792853a38d9e56f57b5e3ae25e25.pdf
Point	Description
Broad Topic Area/Title	Knowledge of hand cleanliness among medical students and nurses at a tertiary healthcare center
Problem Statement (What is the problem research is addressing?)	The infection caused by hospital-acquired microbes has been a dynamic problem in healthcare despite the efforts of healthcare organizations to solve the problem. Healthcare-associated infections (HCIAs) are the kinds of infections that occur while the patient is receiving health care (Gupta et al., 2022). These infections are developed within the hospital after 48 hours of admission or within 30 days of being at the health care institution. Various studies contend that the common types of these adverse infections come from the adverse effects of drugs because patients respond differently to drugs. Improving hygiene in healthcare has been one of the main measures taken toward solving the problem of hospital-acquired microbes (Nasution et al., 2019). The increase in the cases of HCIAs has been defined as a reduction in hygiene, while the reduction of these cases is a measure of improved personal hygiene among the nurses and the patients. Therefore, the increase in hand cleanliness among medical students has an impact on the reduction of the infection caused by hospital-acquired microbes.
Purpose Statement (What is the purpose of the study?)	Therefore, through this paper, the authors aim to assess the level of understanding and practices of hand hygiene action among medical students and the working nurses.
Research Questions (What questions does the research seek to answer?)	The article seeks to find how medical students and nurses understand the importance of hand cleanliness.
Define Hypothesis (Or state the correct hypothesis based upon variables used)	The study compared the knowledge of the medical students and working nurses on hygiene to prevent HAI. This implies that the hypothesis could be stated as Ho: There is no significant difference in handwashing skills between working nurses and medical nurses H1: There is a significant difference between handwashing skills between working nurses and medical students.
Identify Dependent and Independent Variables and Type of Data for the Variables	The dependent variable in this study was the knowledge of working nurses and students on handwashing skills, while the dependent variable was the hand hygiene of the nurses and the medical students.
Population of Interest for Study	The study was interested in two different populations. The first group are the students from Tezpur Medical College Hospital and the second group are the students from the same institution.
Sample	The study sampled 40 working nurses and 60 MBBS students from Tezpur Medical College Hospital.
Sampling Method	The study used a cross-sectional descriptive survey
Identify Data Collection Identify how data were collected	Questionnaires were used in collecting information from the nurses and students in the institution. Both the nurses and the students were subjected to a similar survey to examine the difference in their understanding of handwashing.
Summarize Data Collection Approach	The data collection for this study started by taking the informed consent of the respondents to ascertain their willingness to participate in the study. The questionnaires were then distributed to the target respondents.
Discuss Data Analysis Include what types of statistical tests were used for the variables.	The data collected were presented using counts and percentages. The Chi-square test was then applied to test the hypothesis with a p-value of less than 0.05. The significant difference in knowledge between the nurses was tested at the 0.05 level of significance.
Summarize Results of Study	The study found that 92.08% claimed to have received training on handwashing. Out of this percentage, 55 were medical students, while 37 were working nurses. Besides, 75% of the nursing student knew about handwashing hygiene, while 30% of the nurses knew about handwashing. The study then proved that medical students had a higher knowledge of handwashing compared to nurses. In the comparison of knowledge of medical students and nurses, the study found no significant difference between the understandings of the two groups.
Summary of Assumptions and Limitations Identify the assumptions and limitations from the article. Report other potential assumptions and limitations of your review not listed by the author.	The study assumed that all the respondents have a prior knowledge of hygiene in e healthcare and could possibly participate in the survey without much assistance. Time constraint was the main limitation as the respondents had busy schedules within the selected institution.