ARTICLE ANASLYSIS AND EVALUATION OF RESEACH ETHICS HLT 362

ARTICLE ANASLYSIS AND EVALUATION OF RESEACH ETHICS HLT 362

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Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics

Article Citation and Permalink (APA format)	Article 1     Ribeiro, I. L. A., Bellissimo-Rodrigues, W. T., Mussolin, M. G., Innocentini, L. M. A. R., Marangoni, A. T. D., Macedo, L. D., … & Bellissimo-Rodrigues, F. (2022). Impact of a dental care intervention on the hospital mortality of critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units: A quasi-experimental study. American Journal of Infection Control. Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2022.01.022
Point	Description
Broad Topic Area/Title	The Impact of a dental care intervention on the hospital mortality of critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units.
Problem Statement (What is the problem research is addressing?)	The research is addressing the problem of dental hygiene among critically ill patients in the intensive care units. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that dental care is an important consideration for critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). A number of studies have demonstrated that poor oral hygiene can lead to a number of serious health complications, including nosocomial infections, pneumonia, and ventilator-associated respiratory tract infections. Furthermore, several studies have shown that dental care can improve patient outcomes, including reducing ICU length of stay and hospital costs. Given the growing body of evidence supporting the importance of dental care for critically ill patients in the ICU, it is surprising that this type of care is often overlooked or considered unimportant by many healthcare providers.
Purpose Statement (What is the purpose of the study?)	The aim of the study is to assess the effect of dental care on the risk of mortality and ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients (VAP).
Research Questions (What questions does the research seek to answer?)	Does poor oral health considered a risk factor among critically-ill patients in the intensive care units?Does that practice of adding dentist to the intensive care teams prevent respiratory tract infections among patients?Does the provision of dental care to the critically-ill patients reduce their risk of death?
Define Hypothesis (Or state the correct hypothesis based upon variables used)	Null Hypothesis: There is no significant impact of dental care intervention on the hospital mortality for critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units. Alternative Hypothesis: There is significant impact of dental care intervention on the hospital mortality for critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units.
Identify Dependent and Independent Variables and Type of Data for the Variables	Dependent variables Rates of dental care interventions (continuous data) Independent variable Rates of mortality (continuous data)
Population of Interest for Study	Critically ill patients in the intensive care units
Sample	The sample size for the study was 355. In other words, 355 patients were identified from the intensive care units.
Sampling Method	Simple random sampling
Identify Data Collection Identify how data were collected	The data was derived from 5,147 dental procedures that were performed among the patients in the intensive care units. The recorded data was then analyzed.
Summarize Data Collection Approach	The study’s data was collected from 5,147 dental procedures performed in the critical care unit for two hospitals. After each procedure, the rate of mortality was recorded. The data collection was done between 2016 and 2019. The procedure was repeated for the sample population that was identified.
Discuss Data Analysis Include what types of statistical tests were used for the variables.	The process of data analysis involved descriptive statistics to show the attributes of data and to determine the best inferential statistics to use. Researchers also employed time-series analysis: The time series indicated that ICU mortality were 36.11%, 32.71%, and 32.30% three years before interventions and 28.71% during and after the interventions. Autoregressive integrated moving average was mostly used in the process of data analysis.
Summarize Results of Study	The study found that critically ill patients who received a dental care intervention had a significantly reduced hospital mortality rate as compared to those who did not receive the intervention. The authors suggest that providing dental care to critically ill patients may be an important way to reduce their risk of death.A dental care intervention focused on oral cleanliness and periodontal therapy delivered to critically sick patients on a regular basis by dentists may reduce their chance of dying in the ICU.
Summary of Assumptions and Limitations Identify the assumptions and limitations from the article. Report other potential assumptions and limitations of your review not listed by the author.	The study made a number of assumptions in its investigation of the impact of a dental care intervention on the hospital mortality of critically ill patients. First, the study assumed that all critically ill patients would have access to dental care. Second, the study assumed that all patients would receive the same level of care. Third, the study did not adjust for potentially important confounders, such as severity of illness. Finally, here was an assumption of variance equivalence. In other words, the dataset used to test the hypothesis was believed to have equal variances. The continuous data set was likewise considered to be regularly distributed. The study had some limitations, including a lack of data on patients’ long-term outcomes and the use of different settings across the hospitals studied. However, the study found that dental care interventions were associated with lower hospital mortality rates, and thus may be beneficial for critically ill patients.

Ethical Considerations

The study by Ribeiro (2022) looked at the impact of a dental care intervention on the hospital mortality of critically ill patients. The authors considered different ethical considerations in the research process. First, authors ensured that all patients involved in the study understood the procedures and sign informed consent forms. One of the cornerstones of ethical research is informed consent. Informed consent means that potential participants are fully informed about the risks and benefits of participating in a study, and understand what they are consenting to. This is necessary to protect research participants from being taken advantage of, and also to ensure that they are making an informed decision about whether or not to participate in a study (Tindana et al., 2020). Potential risks and benefits can be difficult for participants to understand, so researchers must take care to communicate this information clearly and concisely. Informed consent forms must also be clear about who is sponsoring the study, as well as any financial compensation (or lack thereof) that participants may receive.

Second, the study was designed in such a way that any potential risks were minimized. When conducting any type of research, it is important to weigh the potential risks and benefits associated with the study. This is particularly true when it comes to human participants, as any risks must be minimized in order to protect the safety and welfare of participants. One approach to minimizing potential risks is through the use of a risk-benefit assessment. This assessment helps researchers identify and understand the risks and benefits of a study before it begins, so that they can make informed decisions about how best to proceed (Chen et al., 2020). It also allows for continued evaluation of risks and benefits throughout the course of the research. Another key factor in minimizing risk is obtaining informed consent from all participants. Informed consent ensures that individuals are fully aware of any potential risks in the research process. Finally, the data should be analyzed and interpreted carefully to ensure that any conclusions drawn are accurate and reliable.

References

Chen, C., Lee, P. I., Pain, K. J., Delgado, D., Cole, C. L., & Campion Jr, T. R. (2020). Replacing paper informed consent with electronic informed consent for research in academic medical centers: a scoping review. AMIA Summits on Translational Science Proceedings, 2020, 80. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7233043/

Ribeiro, I. L. A., Bellissimo-Rodrigues, W. T., Mussolin, M. G., Innocentini, L. M. A. R., Marangoni, A. T. D., Macedo, L. D., … & Bellissimo-Rodrigues, F. (2022). Impact of a dental care intervention on the hospital mortality of critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units: A quasi-experimental study. American Journal of Infection Control. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2022.01.022

Tindana, P., Depuur, C., de Vries, J., Seeley, J., & Parker, M. (2020). Informed consent in genomic research and biobanking: taking feedback of findings seriously. Global Bioethics, 31(1), 200-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2020.1717896

Assessment Description

Search the GCU Library and find one new health care article that uses quantitative research. Do not use an article from a previous assignment, or that appears in the topic Resources or textbook.

Complete an article analysis and ethics evaluation of the research using the “Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics” template. See Chapter 5 of your textbook as needed, for assistance.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. 

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.