Assignment: Advancement in Nursing and Technology

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1)Re: Topic 3 DQ 1

Nursing was originally a job dedicated for medicine men caring for the sick and steamed from a religious vocation using trial and error to treat patients overcome by evil spirits (Whitney, 2018, Chapter 2). As nursing evolved many key nursing leaders came to the forefront including, Florence Nightingale who became the pioneer of nursing. Nightingale encouraged nursing to take leadership roles while improving health. By taking on a leadership role Nightingale wrote, “Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not, which was published in 1859″(Whitney, 2018, Chapter 2). Nightingale started the “Nightingale Training School for Nurses in London, England, provided primary nursing education and instruction” (Whitney, 2018, Chapter 2). Public health in the United states began in the 1800s in New York by Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster with Ward becoming the first school nurse (Whitney, 2018, Chapter 2). Without any formal nursing education, Clara Barton “volunteered as a nurse and founded the American Red Cross” (Whitney, 2018, Chapter 2) during the American Civil War.

In 1873 The Boston Training School for Nurses became the first hospital-based nursing diploma program followed by the first baccalaureate program at the University of Minnesota in 1909 but was unpopular due to the time commitment and cost. The ADN program was founded by Mildred Montag after a shortage of nurses and became popular due to the minimal time commitment, 2 years vs 4 years (Whitney, 2018, Chapter 2). Since the growth in popularity of the ADN program and move toward Magnet status hospitals, the BSN prepared nurses have gained popularity and the development of online ADN to BSN programs has flourished. Most recently nurses have had the opportunity to specialize their degree with a Master’s or doctoral program. Master’s degree programs were developed in 1899 highlighting nursing in a “variety of roles, including nurse educators, nurse administrators, informatics, nurse midwives, nurse anesthetists, clinical nurse specialists, clinical nurse leaders, and nurse practitioners” (Whitney, 2018, Chapter 2). In the 1970s the doctoral degree programs allowed for two pathways, research or practice; “each path is distinct with different requirements. Research-based doctorates include Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Doctor of Education (EdD), and Doctor of Nursing Science (DNS, DNSc). Practice-based degrees include the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), which is new and just now being defined within the nursing discipline” (Whitney, 2018, Chapter 2).

Once significant advancement in nursing was that of the introduction of antibiotics in the 20th century. Antibiotics allowed for diseases to become treatable and easier to control (Whitney, 2018, Chapter 2). Another change in nursing has been the change in gender roles. Medicine men were primarily untrained nurses working off trial and error whereas now females dominate the nursing career and have to sit for the NCLEX exam prior to being able to practice. One of the most relevant associations, the American Nurses Association helps aid and directs nursing care in the United States.

2)Re: Topic 3 DQ 1

Advancement in technology have created a conducive environment improving patient care outcome and more efficient (Leary & MacLaine, 2019). Nursing practice has greatly changed from training, health care settings, growing responsibilities, nursing culture, as well as patient care thus saving several lives and earned the profession the respect it deserves. Initially, nursing was considered a female dominated profession and thus was not respected because women were considered inferiors in the society. Normally, women were the family caretakers and hence nursing seemed an extension of their homestead work. Today, nursing practice has drastically evolved depicted by extensive nursing programs, more competent staffs, and high level of prestige and respect (Leary & MacLaine, 2019). The drastic changes in the profession has helped to increase efficiency in medical care, because there are better hospitals, more responsibilities, sense of family as well as patient centered care.

Florence nightingale is a key historical leader who fought tirelessly for the nursing profession. She was responsible for the revolutionizing the nursing profession and even founded nursing schools upon returning from Crimean war that took place from1853-1856 (Ahmed, & Wolf, 2018). The foundress of modern nursing made significant contributions during the Crimean war and thuis influenced the entire nursing and medical field. Patient care has become the heart of nursing and thus improvements in technology has brought tremendous changes in medical field thereby reducing mortality rates in US. Historically, nursing field has proven its capability to embrace cultural diversity. Nevertheless, both the nurses and patients has benefits from technology improvements since as it improved patients’ outcomes it has led to nurses’ recognition and hence now it is a respected field.

References

Leary, A., & MacLaine, K. (2019). The evolution of advanced nursing practice: past, present and future. Nursing Times, 115(10), 19-20.

Ahmed, S. W., & Wolf, K. A. (2018). Evolution to Revolution: Positioning Advanced Practice to Influence Contemporary Healthcare Arenas. DNP Education, Practice, and Policy: Mastering the DNP Essentials for Advanced Nursing Practice, 3.

Topic 3 DQ 1

The nursing practice has evolved over time. Dean states “men and religious vocations were providing nursing care to the sick.”(Dean, 2018). “During this period, men were primarily the caregivers. Women who attempted to provide care for the sick were often termed witches” (Ehrenreich & English, 1973). In the 1800s, Florence Nightingale changed the practice of nursing. She promoted good hygiene, hand washing, diet changes. Dean goes on to state that “Pharmacological interventions in the form of antibiotics were one of the main impacts for nurses of the 20th century, making infection more easily treatable and diseases easier to control.”(Dean, 2018) This contributes to nurses being able to treat patients more efficiently and survive from treatable conditions. Now in the 21st century, nurses are male and female and do not have to be part of a religious vocation, and even more antibiotics and medications are being developed to help treat patients.

There are many key leaders that have led the way to what nursing has become today. Nurses Florence Nightingale, Clara Barton, Jane Delano, and Mildred Montag are just a few to name. Florence Nightingale wrote about “nursing care as being centered around three main pillars: health promotion, disease prevention, and risk reduction.”(Dean, 2018). Clara Barton founded the Red Cross during the Civil War and Jane Delano founded the American Red Cross Nursing Service during WWII.(Dean, 2018). Milred Montag developed the associate degree nurse program to help with the nursing shortage.(Dean, 2018). All of these 4 nurses have paved the way for us nurses today. So many people have been helped because of the American Red Cross both in military and civilian life. With the development of the ADN program, it helped provide nurses in a quicker amount of time to help with the nursing shortage. Nightingale’s work continues to be practiced today by preventing worsening disease and promoting good health. Working in the ED, we try to educate risk reduction and disease prevention by educating patients prior to discharge. Patients come in and will be a newly diagnosed diabetic or hypertension and it is the nurses’ duty to make sure the patients understand that changing the diet, exercise and taking medications as prescribed will help prevent worsening disease.

References

Dean, J. K. (2018). Practice and Competency Development. In Dynamics in Nursing: Art & Science of Professional Practice. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs430v/dynamics-in-nursin…

Ehrenreich, B., & English, D. (1973). Witches, midwives and nurses: A history of women healers. New York, NY: Feminist Press.

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Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

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The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.
Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.
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Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.
Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.
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For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.
Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.
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Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.