Assignment: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs)

Assignment: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs)

Assignment: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs)

The clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are computer-based programs that analyze data within EHRs and give prompts and reminders to help health care providers in implementing evidence-based clinical guidelines at the point of care. They are primarily utilized at the point-of-care, for providers to combine their knowledge with information or suggestions provided by the system (Sutton et al., 2020). It is aimed at improving healthcare delivery by facilitating medical decisions with targeted clinical knowledge, patient information, and other health information. The purpose of this assignment is to explore the pros and cons of the CDSS.

PROS	CONS
Promotes patient safety. The CDSS has alerts that inform the clinician of potential adverse drug events that may transpire with a particular drug prescribed to a patient. Medication-related CDS tools also help to lower medication errors thus promoting patient safety.	The CDSS is seen as a threat to clinicians’ clinical autonomy. Clinicians feel threatened by the clinical reminders, which elicit fear that one is losing autonomy and freedom of choice in the presence of the CDSS (Khairat et al., 2018). In addition, clinicians may develop the perception that the CDSS is meant to replace or degrade their clinical roles.
Lowers the rate of misdiagnosis. The CDSS includes computerized clinical guidelines and diagnostic support that help clinicians in making clinical diagnoses. Thus reduces the chances of misdiagnosing patients.	CDSS is expensive to adopt, maintain, and support. The expenses associated with purchasing and maintaining the CDSS locks out some facilities from adopting it.
Improves efficiency of patient care delivery. The CDSS analyzes data within the EHR. As a result, it provides prompts and reminders that assist health care providers in implementing evidence-based clinical guidelines at the point of care, thus improving efficiency in delivering care (Khairat et al., 2018). The CDSS also offer accurate diagnosis and dosage, which saves time.	The CDSS is associated with alert fatigue. Not every alert made by CDSS is usually correct. This means that clinicians might struggle with alert-related fatigue. Besides, there are always some possibilities of low-value prompts and alerts (Khairat et al., 2018).
Increased quality of care and enhanced health outcomes. The CDSS provides information on treatment protocols, prompts questions on medication adherence, and provides tailored recommendations for health behavior changes (Khairat et al., 2018). This improves the quality of care provided to patients, especially, those with chronic illnesses and enhances their health outcomes.	Failure to detect medication errors. If the CDSS is not implemented correctly, it may fail to identify medication errors, which can puts patients at risk (Sutton et al., 2020).

Clinical Patient and Scenario

A male adult patient comes to the psychiatric clinic with a severely elevated mood and symptoms suggesting mania. The patient’s relative mentions that he usually gets episodes of severely elevated mood whereby he is overactive. However, these periods last for one to two weeks, and the patient gets into a depressed mood. The CDSS, in this case, will be used to ensure that the PMHNP has made the correct psychiatric diagnosis of Bipolar disorder through the computerized DSM V in the system, which will lower the possibility of a misdiagnosis. In addition, the CDSS automated clinical guidelines will be used to identify the recommended medications to prescribe to a patient based on his age and severity of psychiatric symptoms. The CDSS will influence the drug prescribed based on the potential adverse drug events that the system will alert the PMHNP for each drug option. The drug with the least side effects and greatest benefit will be selected for this patient.

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Assignment: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) References

Khairat, S., Marc, D., Crosby, W., & Al Sanousi, A. (2018). Reasons For Physicians Not Adopting Clinical Decision Support Systems: Critical Analysis. JMIR medical informatics, 6(2), e24. https://doi.org/10.2196/medinform.8912

Sutton, R. T., Pincock, D., Baumgart, D. C., Sadowski, D. C., Fedorak, R. N., & Kroeker, K. I. (2020). An overview of clinical decision support systems: benefits, risks, and strategies for success. NPJ digital medicine, 3(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0221-y

This week we learned about the potential benefits and drawbacks to clinical decision support systems (CDSSs). Create a “Pros” versus “Cons” table with a column for “Pro” and a separate column for “Con”. Include at least 3 items for each column. Next to each item, provide a brief rationale as to why you included it on the respective list.

2. The primary goal of a CDSS is to leverage data and the scientific evidence to help guide appropriate decision making. CDSSs directly assist the clinician in making decisions about specific patients. For this discussion thread post, you are to assume your future role as an APN and create a clinical patient and scenario to illustrate an exemplary depiction of how a CDSS might influence your decision. This post is an opportunity for you to be innovative, so have fun!

Adhere to the following guidelines regarding quality for the threaded discussions in Canvas:

1.

· Application of Course Knowledge: Demonstrate the ability to analyze, synthesize, and/or apply principles and concepts learned in the course lesson and outside readings.

Insert your name and surname in the space provided above, as well as in the file name. Save the file as: First name Surname Assignment 4 – e.g. Lilly Smith Assignment 4. NB: Please ensure that you use the name that appears in your student profile on the Online Campus.
· Scholarliness and Scholarly Sources: Demonstrates achievement of scholarly inquiry for professional and academic decisions using valid, relevant, and reliable outside scholarly source to contribute to the discussion thread.

· Writing Mechanics: Grammar, spelling, syntax, and punctuation are accurate. In-text and reference citations should be formatted using correct APA guidelines.

· Direct Quotes: Good writing calls for the limited use of direct quotes. Direct quotes in discussions are to be limited to one short quotation (not to exceed 15 words). The quote must add substantively to the discussion. Points will be deducted under the grammar, syntax, APA category.

For each threaded discussion per week, the student will select no less than TWO scholarly sources to support the initial discussion post.

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.