Assignment: Critical Thinking 1
Assignment: Critical Thinking 1
Assignment: Critical Thinking 1
Assignment: Critical Thinking 1
Assignment: Critical Thinking 1
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Critical Thinking 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
6. Apply decision-making patterns that result in problem-solving.
7. Recognize bias and fallacies in messages from mass media and other sources.
Course/Unit Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
6
Unit VIII Lesson Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Unit VIII Assignment:
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Unit VIII Lesson Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Unit VIII Assignment
Reading Assignment Chapter 13: Fallacies: The Art of Mental Trickery and Manipulation Chapter 14: Develop As an Ethical Reasoner
Unit Lesson Ethical Life Ethics is the study of the good life. There are two components of this study.
1. What does it mean to live a good life in the realm of human activity, thought, and action? 2. What does it mean to have a good life? What do I desire, and how can I bring that
ultimately good life about in my own life? The responses to these aspects of life are numerous throughout the history of philosophy. Some philosophers have focused on the actual aspects of life that relate to these questions and how you can attain a high level of ethicality. Others have attempted to ground ethics in something universal that would make demands on all humans. Finally, some have taken up a specific ethical viewpoint and then used that viewpoint to analyze the goodness or badness of ethical issues in various fields of study and social life. Most ethical philosophers believe that there is, or are, universal ethical principles that make demands on all humans. This is extremely important and it is where we will begin. It is common folk wisdom that there are no universal ethical standards. It is puzzling for many philosophers to hear students claim that there are “no universal truths” or that you cannot judge the practices of another culture because “what they do is right for them.” Hopefully as you have engaged this course you have been exposed to the fallacious nature of this thinking. If you were to consistently hold this position, it could lead to horrible outcomes for the individual. What is more, it is often impossible for those students to avoid their own ethical universals when they feel they have been treated unfairly or violently.
UNIT VIII STUDY GUIDE
Fallacies: The Art of Mental Trickery and Manipulation
PHL 1010, Critical Thinking 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
For example, if you were to be robbed at gunpoint, and you were an ethical relativist, you would not be able to fundamentally justify calling the police for help. Of course, you might say that it was his ethical truth to rely on the police when someone tries to rob another person. However, the person doing the robbing would be making the ethical claim that it is acceptable to steal from others using violent means. The pure relativist would have to say that the ethical truth for the thief has just as much reality and import as the truth of the person being robbed. Should the person being robbed then not call the police because robbery is truth for the robber? Almost all humans feel a deep sense of violation and injustice when they undergo a traumatic robbery. They call the police and express their disgust at the actions of the perpetrator. All it takes is a gun in your face and ideas about ethical relativism fly out the window. Let’s look at another example. Most people in our nation consider the historical treatment of ethnic minorities in this country as horrific and wrong. From the decimation of Native American groups to the importation of Africans and their subsequent slavery, most people would claim that this history has been one of fear, exploitation, violation, and violence. In making these claims, you are saying that these actions were wrong. In his article on cultural relativism, James Rachels points out that the relativist would have to look at this history and claim that all these actions were morally acceptable back then and now things are just different. You cannot say that things are better today, because that would involve having some universal standard by which one could judge the rightness and wrongness of society. However, acts such as the bombing of a Birmingham church that ended in the deaths of four African American girls incite a deep revulsion in us as we think about what our country was like and the hatred that was so socially rampant. Images of dogs biting youths and videos of firemen spraying protestors with hoses show us how far we have come. Of course there is still repression in our system that needs to be overcome. Conversely, in the realm of rights, we can definitely say that we have made some progress in the way that we treat people in our nation. However, the relativist cannot say that this is progress. In fact, the relativist would have to say that the person who bombed that church and murdered those girls was just acting out his own ethical truth. By the way, the person suspected of the bombing was charged only with possession of dynamite, and this charge was later dropped after an investigation by the FBI.
You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.
Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.
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Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.
- The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS
Discussion Questions (DQ)
- Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
- Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
- One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
- I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.
Weekly Participation
- Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
- In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
- Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
- Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.
APA Format and Writing Quality
- Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
- Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
- I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.
Use of Direct Quotes
- I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
- As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
- It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.
LopesWrite Policy
- For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
- Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
- Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
- Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.
Late Policy
- The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
- Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
- If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
- I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
- As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.
Communication
- Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
- Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
- Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.
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