Extraneous variables may have an influence on the dependent variable. In what ways do researchers attempt to control extraneous variables? Support your answer with current literature.

Extraneous variables are the undesirable variables that are present in every experiment and influence the outcome of an experiment. Extraneous variables are variables are not the independent variables but have an effect on the results of an experiment. Extraneous variables are not of interest to the experiment. Extraneous variables usually add error to an experiment and as a result, the researcher aims to control the extraneous variables in the research study. There are different types of extraneous variables such as situational variables that include; lighting and noise and experimenter effect variables (Pourhoseingholi et al., 2012).

One of the ways that researchers can decrease the amount of extraneous variables is through random sampling. Random sampling is the process where a researcher selects a study sample from a larger population by assigning equal probability to every member of the population. Although random sampling does not eliminate the extraneous variables it ensures that the effect is spread across the entire study population (Pourhoseingholi, et al., 2012). Therefore, the use of random sampling decreases the effect of systematic error, the type of error that varies with the independent variables. Another way that a researcher may use to control extraneous variables is by identifying the variables that are most likely to influence the dependent variable. A research identifies the variables by past experience on controlling extraneous variables and through logical reasoning (Krauth, 2000). For instance, if a researcher is measuring memory, variables that may affect the outcome include noise and other distractions. Additionally, a researcher can control extraneous variables by holding it constant.

Assignment:Extraneous Variables

Assignment:Extraneous Variables

A researcher can do this by standardizing the environment of the study (Krauth, 2000). For instance, a researcher can take the research study in the same time, day and by the same researcher. Therefore holding the variables constant eliminates the possibility of the extraneous variables confounding.

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ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.
Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.
APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.
Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.
LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.
Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.
Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.