COMPARE AND CONTRAST TWO NURSING THEORIES NUR 513

I graduated with my bachelor’s degree in nursing several years ago from Grand Canyon University and at that time the APA Style 6^th edition was being used. It was helpful to receive the format template and other tools at that time as it helped me learn and achieve my goal. After several years of being out of academic education, I decided to return to pursue my graduate degree in nursing. When I started this course, I felt nervous because I knew that I had to learn the APA style formatting again. The first several weeks have been a struggle, however, I have been reviewing the information provided regarding the APA Style 7^th edition of which has been very helpful. With that said, I reviewed the 7^th edition APA template and cannot stress enough how thankful I am to have this resource provided by GCU. This will help me save time in completing the assignments. I also viewed the APA writing checklist that will serve as a guide to make sure the grammar and APA formatting are completed correctly.

APA Style establishes standards of written communication concerning the organization of content, writing style, citing references and how to prepare a manuscript for publication in certain disciplines (Purdue, 2023). Even though it has been a struggle to get back on track using the APA style formatting, by utilizing this style it will make it easier for the readers to understand the content that is written.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST TWO NURSING THEORIES NUR 513

COMPARE AND CONTRAST TWO NURSING THEORIES NUR 513

Topic 4 DQ 1

Compare and contrast two nursing theories. How do they differ based on their intent, scope, and goals? Which one might be more relevant to your future role, and why?

The interactive model of Hildegard Peplau and systems model of Callista Roy’s adaptation theory are comparable and contrasting in many ways. Through all the nursing theories, an individual can be immersed into a deeper sense of understanding and relational concepts of the nurse patient relationship. Different components weave together a structure of higher-level reasoning and prompts introspection of one’s own professional practice. Every individual nurse has a unique personality, and I feel as though nursing theories help fill the internal gaps associated with things such as upbringing, learned behaviors, healthy relationships and effective communication.

The interactive model of Hildegard Peplau emphasizes the fact that the patient is ultimately in charge of their plan of care. The patient needs to be respected as a proactive member of their proposed treatment plan. Peplau characterizes three phases of the nurse-patient relationship; Orientation, working and termination. Orientating one’s self to the patient as the nurse is a very important process. This phase defines trust, compassion and solidifies positive repour within the nurse patient relationship. Working with the patient, you are providing not only physical care, but also education, support and counseling. This phase is not just task oriented, but focuses on the important position the nurse has in being a vital resource within all areas of the patients needs. Terminating treatment is referring to the discharge process, and many times is crucial to the patient’s continued health and well-being. The discharge plan is thoroughly looked over by the whole medical team and adjusted as necessary (Tourville, 2003).

The systems model of Callista Roy’s adaptation theory focuses on the influence of environment on the patient, and the level of adaptability within the surroundings. There are four modes of adaptation that include physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. Increased ability to adapt to different biological, psychological, and social situations can have a huge influence on healing and recovery (Tourville, 2003).

Both theories incorporate the importance of individuality and self-sufficiency within the patient’s body, mind and spirit. Both these theories open up deeper aspects of the healing process which can help lead the nurse to identify and stabilize any rectifiable weaknesses the patient may be experiencing. Peplaus approach uses a step-by-step with intervals while Roys approach is environmental and affirms the great importance of atmosphere and becoming comfortable with the inevitable changes of day to day life.

As a nurse educator, Roys adaptation theory may be more relevant to my future APN role. The Systems Model is used by many schools of nursing as the basis for their curricula (Tourville, 2003). Setting a positive healthy tone and energy within a room full of students directly influences the ability and motivation to learn and retain information. Positive environments help lead the way for openness and adaptation.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST TWO NURSING THEORIES NUR 513 Reference:

Tourville, C., Ingalls, K. (2003). The living tree of nursing theories. Nursing Forum. 38(3), 21-30, 36. DOI:10.1111/j.0029-6473.2003.t01-1-00021.x

Instructions for your Week 4 APA assignment

The purpose of this assignment is to write a 500-750 word paper focusing on the proper application of APA style.

Use the APA 7 professional/graduate edition guide provided in the announcements and at the top of the main forum page to format your paper.

The APA 7 guide in the student success center is for undergraduate students, NOT graduate students.

Include the following in your paper:

1. Describe the purpose of applying nursing theory to patient care.
2. Explain why nursing theory is meaningful to current practice.
3. Explain how a nursing theory can be applied before planning and providing care in current practice.
4. Discuss which theory best reflects your personal view of the essence of nursing and how it has been helpful to you for planning and providing care to your patients.

You are required to cite a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.

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Complete the “APA Writing Checklist” to ensure that your paper adheres to APA style and formatting criteria and general guidelines for academic writing. Include the completed checklist as an appendix at the end of your paper. This paper does not require a thesis statement but you are free to include one if you wish. Although it is listed on the APA Checklist you will not lose points for not having a thesis statement. It is not included in the grading Rubric. A thesis statement is required and graded in the Week 5 and Week 8 papers.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance or you can call IT 602-639-7200 and they would be glad to help you. It can be confusing if you have not previously uploaded an assignment.

The APA Checklist (appendix) is posted in the announcements. This forum does not allow for uploads.

Week 4 Lecture

Florence Nightingale – What you probably don’t know? Why did she spend 11 years in bed? If your reply is a minimum of 200 words it will count as one of your substantive replies for this week.

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE believed that mistakes bring wisdom. If this is the case, she must have been the wisest person in Britain. Her mistake was to support the doctors in claiming, during and after the Crimean War, that 15,000 soldiers had died in her hospitals because the Army had sent “the wrong kind of patient”. During her lifetime, most of Victorian Britain knew that she had changed her mind 12 months after the war, and admired her honesty. Since her death her biographers have avoided mentioning her mistake and her correction of it, and in doing so have ignored the defining event of her life.

The soldiers were sent to Nightingale’s hospital at Scutari in a dreadful state: starving, scorbutic, and sometimes with their extremities dropping off from frostbite. They were not fatally ill, but their symptoms distracted attention from the typhoid and dysentery which escalated in the hospitals and killed 10 per cent of the Army in one single month. The aristocratic officers treated the common soldier as “the scum of the earth, enlisted for drink”, but Nightingale practically worshipped them and refused to treat the officers, while imploring Queen Victoria to allow the men to send their pay home to their families instead of letting them use it to drink themselves to death.

Following the war Lord Palmerston, the Prime Minister and an old family friend, maneuvered Nightingale into leading a public inquiry into the mistreatment of the common soldier. Palmerston wanted to stop Queen Victoria interfering in military affairs and saw Nightingale as a more democratic “Mother of the Army”. Her search to assign blame for the many deaths became obsessive, especially when she discovered statistics showing that the death rate had varied dramatically between hospitals; her own hospital at Scutari was at least twice as bad as any other. She worked dispassionately through a list of suspects including the Army officers, the doctors, and the politicians until finally she concluded that it must have been her own fault because she had failed to notify the Army 300 miles away of how many soldiers were dying in her hospital. The Army had thought the men were convalescing on the beaches, while in reality they were going into a mass grave.

Her discovery very nearly killed her. Not only had she “killed” the dying soldiers who had kissed her shadow, she felt she had betrayed her nurses from whom she had demanded total obedience. They had plotted together to steal food for the dying men and prolong their lives for a few days, and when their schemes failed the nurses were so distressed that the dying patients had to comfort them. Memories like these tortured Nightingale. Still only 37, she abandoned her nursing career and took to her bed for 11 years. She remained a reclusive invalid until she died, working 16 hours a day to save the millions of lives in England that would be needed to pay off her imaginary debt.

But the public, awed by her dreadful experience during the war and her sense of duty, trusted her completely. To destroy this hated reputation as a ministering angel, she leaked copies of a secret government report to her many admirers which included the statistics showing how her hospital at Scutari had killed patients rather than curing them. Surviving leaked copies of this report are now the only source of this data; which has been ignored since her death. The Government hushed up her findings and the public enquiry she led was a sham. And as recently as 1974 the Director- General of the Army Medical Department claimed that hospital conditions had nothing to do with the soldier’s deaths!

Source: https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/historical-notes-wisdom-florence-nightingale-1174505.html

Thank you for sharing, professor.

I solemnly pledge myself before God and, in the presence of this assembly, to pass my life in purity and to practice my profession faithfully. I will abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous and will not take or knowingly administer any harmful drug. I will do all in my power to maintain and elevate the standard of my profession and will hold in confidence all personal matters committed to my keeping and all family affairs coming to my knowledge in the practice of my calling. With loyalty, will I endeavor to aid the physician in his work and devote myself to the welfare of those committed to my care? – Florence Nightingale’s pledge

I remember reciting this pledge during my capping ceremony in 1998. I had tears in my eyes. I saw my parents, tears of happiness as they witnessed me lighting my nurse’s lamp along with my newly placed nursing cap as I recited this pledge. Nightingale’s story reflects this pledge with utmost clarity and honesty. As a registered nurse and future APN, I will always recall and meditate with the promise that regardless of the challenges ahead and the responsibility being thrown towards nursing, I will never forget why I chose to become a nurse. We do have our unavoidable problems. These personal problems inevitably affect our moods as we do our job.

As nurses, we must put that at the back of our minds as we focus on caring for our patients. Our patient’s well-being, comfort, and needs are always our priority. Nurses are considered heroes and are known for being physically, mentally, and emotionally strong. Our bodies work from our brain cells down to the tips of our fingers and toes. We think all the time critically as we face problem-solving situations. We reflect on doing what is suitable for the patient by examining our conscience. When our patient deteriorates, we often reflect, “have I done something wrong? Or was it my fault? Why my patient got sicker? Have I not done enough to take care of my patient?” All the experiences I have encountered, learned from, and cared for my patients make me reflect on my conscience to continue to understand and improve myself to be a better APN in the future.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST TWO NURSING THEORIES NUR 513 Reference:

Communications, V. U. S. N. (1970, November 3). Florence Nightingale pledge. Vanderbilt University. Retrieved October 12, 2022, from https://nursing.vanderbilt.edu/news/florence-nightingale-pledge/