General Pharmacology Quiz 1

Diphenhydramine overdose assignment: A 3- year-old is brought to the emergency department having just ingested a large overdose of diphenhydramine, an antihistaminic drug. Diphenhydramine is a weak base with a pKa of 8.8. It is capable of entering most tissues, including the brain. On physical examination, the heart rate is 100/ min, blood pressure 90/ 50 mm Hg, and respiratory rate 20/ min. Which of the following statements about this case of diphenhydramine overdose is most correct?

A. Urinary excretion would be accelerated by administration of NH 4 Cl, an acidifying agent

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B. Urinary excretion would be accelerated by giving NaHCO 3 , an alkalinizing agent

C. More of the drug would be ionized at blood pH than at stomach pH D. Absorption of the drug would be faster from the stomach than from the small intestine

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E. Hemodialysis is the only effective therapy

Botulinum toxin is a large protein molecule. Its action on cholinergic transmission depends on an intracellular action within nerve endings. Which one of the following processes is best suited for permeation of very large protein molecules into cells?

A. Aqueous diffusion

B. Aqueous hydrolysis

C. Endocytosis

D. Lipid diffusion

E. Special carrier transport