HCA 430 Week 2 Assigment Vulnerable Population Summary and Proposed Program

HCA 430 Week 2 Assigment Vulnerable Population Summary and Proposed Program Recent

HCA 430 Week 2 Assigment Vulnerable Population Summary and Proposed Program

This Tutorial contains 2 Papers/PPT

Project 1: Alcohol and Substance Abuse

Project 2: Suicide and homicide (Prevention)

Vulnerable Population Summary and Proposed Program. The first of your two written assignments for the course will provide a beginning framework that you will utilize in the development of your
Final Project: a proposal for a community-based program in your area. For this first written assignment, you will select one of the vulnerable groups identified in the text that will serve as your target population of interest throughout the duration of your next written assignment and Final Project.
Select one among the following groups from Chapter 1:
• Vulnerable mothers and children
• Abused individuals
• Chronically ill and disabled people
• People diagnosed with HIV/AIDS
• People diagnosed with mental conditions
• Suicide- and homicide-liable people
• People affected by alcohol and substance abuse
• Indigent and homeless people
• Immigrants and refugees
• Groups for special consideration (you may propose a different vulnerable population at the consent of the instructor)

Once you have selected a group of interest, write a three page paper that covers the following:
• Discuss the impact that at least two of the factors below have on the vulnerability of your chosen group: o Age
o Gender
o Culture/Ethnicity
o Income

• Analyze the intersection of social, political, and economic factors affecting vulnerability (must address all three factors).
• Draft the design of a new model program, not currently existent within your community. Provide a two- to- three paragraph statement that introduces your proposed community program. This section is tentative and might change as you conduct more research. At a minimum, however, items to address should include:
• An explanation of the issues and risk factors experienced by the selected population.

• An evaluation of the health needs of the group and a proposed continuum of care level (preventive, treatment, or long-term care) based on the group’s issues, risk factors, and needs. Justify the proposed level with supportive research/evidence.
• A description of one to two proposed services your program will include.
Your assignment should be a minimum of three pages in length (excluding title and reference pages), and should include a minimum of three scholarly sources cited according to APA guidelines as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: HCA 430 Week 2 Assigment Vulnerable Population Summary and Proposed Program

Depression is a complex mental health condition, and when it affects older adults, unique challenges and considerations come into play. As such, this medication guide aims to provide a valuable resource for healthcare professionals, caregivers, and older adults, offering essential information on medication options, their benefits, risks, and special considerations for this specific population. The purpose of this paper is to to develop a comprehensive patient medication guide for treating depressive disorders in older adults.

Depressive Disorder Cause and Symptoms

Depressive disorders are characterized by persistent sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities (Trivedi, 2020). Depression in older adults is a complex issue, often arising from biological, psychological, and environmental factors. In older adults, biological changes such as alterations in brain chemistry and hormonal shifts can contribute to depressive symptoms.

Life transitions such as retirement, losing loved ones, and health problems can lead to depression in older adults (Maier et al., 2021). Feelings of isolation, low self-esteem, and a sense of purposelessness can exacerbate these symptoms. Social isolation, financial stress, and limited access to healthcare services can significantly contribute to depression in older adults.

Common symptoms of depression in older adults include persistent sadness, changes in sleep patterns (either insomnia or excessive sleep), appetite changes, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and physical ailments without a clear medical cause. Diagnosing depression in older adults requires a comprehensive assessment by a healthcare professional.

This may involve a detailed medical history, physical examination, and psychological assessments. Older adults often have multiple medical conditions and take several medications, which can interact with antidepressants (Saracino et al., 2019). Therefore, healthcare providers must carefully assess the potential for drug interactions and choose medications with a favorable side effect profile—depressive symptoms.

Medication Treatment Options for Older Adults with Depressive Disorders

Medications available include Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors like sertraline (Zoloft) and escitalopram (Lexapro), which are often the first-line treatment for depression in older adults due to their relatively mild side effect profiles (Gorka et al., 2019). These drugs increase the availability of serotonin, a neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation. The benefits include reduced depression symptoms and improved overall well-being. However, SSRIs may lead to side effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances, sleep disturbances, and, in some cases, increased risk of falls due to dizziness.

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Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake Inhibitors such as Venlafaxine and duloxetine are SNRIs that can be effective in treating depression. They work on both serotonin and norepinephrine systems (Rink et al., 2022). The benefits include potential improvement in both mood and physical symptoms of depression. However, they can have side effects like elevated blood pressure and an increased risk of bleeding, which is particularly important to monitor in older adults with co-morbid medical conditions.

Atypical antidepressants like Mirtazapine (Remeron) which is beneficial for older adults who have trouble sleeping and have lost their appetite. It may have fewer sexual side effects compared to SSRIs. However, it can cause drowsiness, weight gain, and increased cholesterol levels, which should be closely monitored, especially in older adults who may already have cardiovascular risk factors.

Legal Considerations

When treating older adults with depressive disorders, legal considerations are paramount, especially regarding capacity and guardianship. Healthcare providers must assess whether the patient can decide about their treatment, including the choice of antidepressant medication (Podgorica et al., 2021).

If there are concerns about the patient’s capacity, it may be necessary to involve legal authorities or appoint a guardian to make decisions in the patient’s best interests. Additionally, healthcare providers must be aware of state laws regarding involuntary psychiatric hospitalization, which may come into play if a patient poses a risk to themselves or others due to severe depression.

Social and Cultural Considerations

Recognizing the intersection of cultural and social factors is crucial when treating older adults with depressive disorders. Cultural backgrounds can significantly influence individuals’ perceptions of mental health, stigma, and treatment preferences. Healthcare providers must practice cultural sensitivity, engaging in open dialogue to understand the patient’s cultural beliefs (Leung et al., 2021).

Simultaneously, social determinants of health, such as limited access to healthcare, financial stress, and social isolation, can worsen depression symptoms. Collaborating with local community resources, cultural centers, and social services agencies can address these intertwined cultural and social factors, fostering a more holistic approach to care for older adults with depression.

Social Determinants of Health

Social determinants of health, such as access to healthcare, housing, and social support, significantly impact the course of depressive disorders in older adults. Limited access to healthcare services, financial stressors, and social isolation can exacerbate depression symptoms.

Healthcare providers should proactively identify and address these social determinants (Mulalint et al., 2022). Connecting patients with local community resources, such as social services agencies, housing assistance programs, and support groups, can be instrumental in providing holistic care.

Medication Guide for Old People with Depressive Disorders

Medications	Benefits	Risks and Considerations
SSRIs	Effective for mood improvement<br>- Mild side effect profile	Possible gastrointestinal disturbances<br>- Risk of falls due to dizziness
SNRIs	May improve mood and physical symptoms<br>- Dual-action on serotonin and norepinephrine	Elevated blood pressure<br>- Increased risk of bleeding
Atypical Antidepressants	Improved sleep and appetite<br>- Fewer sexual side effects	Improved sleep and appetite<br>- Fewer sexual side effects
TCAs	Considered when other treatments fail<br>- Effective for mood	Dry mouth, constipation<br>- Cardiac effects (arrhythmias)
MAOIs	Used when other treatments are ineffective<br>- Unique mechanism of action	High risk of drug interactions and dietary restrictions<br>- Blood pressure and dietary considerations

Examples of Prescription

Example 1

Date: September 15, 2023

Patient Information:

Name: Jane Doe

Date of Birth: 01/15/1950

Address: 123 Main Street, Anytown, USA

Medication:

Medication Name: Sertraline

Strength: 50 mg

Instructions:

Take one (1) tablet by mouth daily in the morning.

Indication:

For the treatment of depression.

Quantity:

30 tablets

Refills:

3 refills

Provider’s Signature:

[Signature]

Provider Information:

Dr. John Smith, MD

Medical License: [License Number]

Clinic Name: ABC Medical Center

Clinic Address: 456 Elm Avenue, Anytown, USA

Contact: [Phone Number]

Example 2

Date: September 15, 2023

Patient Information:

Name: John Smith

Date of Birth: 03/20/1945

Address: 789 Oak Lane, Cityville, USA

Medication:

Medication Name: Oxycodone/Acetaminophen

Strength: 5 mg/325 mg

Instructions:

Take one (1) tablet orally every 4-6 hours for pain.

Indication:

For the relief of moderate to severe pain.

Quantity:

60 tablets

Refills:

0 refills (as this is a controlled substance)

Provider’s Signature:

[Signature]

Provider Information:

Dr. Sarah Johnson, DO

Medical License: [License Number]

Clinic Name: Cityville Family Clinic

Clinic Address: 321 Maple Street, Cityville, USA

Contact: [Phone Number]

 

Example 3

Date: September 15, 2023

Patient Information:

Name: Robert Brown

Date of Birth: 07/10/1960

Address: 456 Pine Road, Suburbia, USA

Medication:

Medication Name: Amoxicillin

Strength: 500 mg

Instructions:

Take one (1) capsule orally every 8 hours for ten days.

Indication:

For the treatment of a bacterial respiratory infection.

Quantity:

30 capsules

Refills:

0 refills

Provider’s Signature:

[Signature]

Provider Information:

Dr. Emily Davis, MD

Medical License: [License Number]

Clinic Name: Suburbia Health Center

Clinic Address: 789 Cedar Avenue, Suburbia, USA

Contact: [Phone Number]

Conclusion

This medication guide for older adults with depressive disorders serves as a valuable tool in addressing the unique needs of this vulnerable population. Depression in older adults can be a complex and challenging condition, but it is manageable with the correct information and considerations. By understanding the benefits and risks associated with various antidepressant medications and being aware of legal, ethical, cultural, and social factors, healthcare providers, caregivers, and older adults can confidently navigate the path to treatment.

References

Gorka, S. M., Young, C. B., Klumpp, H., Kennedy, A. E., Francis, J., Ajilore, O., Langenecker, S. A., Shankman, S. A., Craske, M. G., Stein, M. B., & Phan, K. L. (2019). Emotion-based brain mechanisms and predictors for SSRI and CBT treatment of anxiety and depression: a randomized trial. Neuropsychopharmacology: official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 44(9), 1639–1648. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0407-7

Leung, D. K. Y., Chan, W. C., Spector, A., & Wong, G. H. Y. (2021). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and apathy symptoms across dementia stages: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of geriatric psychiatry, 36(9), 1330–1344. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5556

Maier, A., Riedel-Heller, S. G., Pabst, A., & Luppa, M. (2021). Risk factors and protective factors of depression in older people 65+. A systematic review. PloS one, 16(5), e0251326. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251326

Mulalint, T., Seeherunwong, A., Wanitkun, N., & Tongsai, S. (2022). Determinants of continuing mental health service use among older persons diagnosed with depressive disorders in general hospitals: latent class analysis and GEE. BMC health services research, 22(1), 899. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08250-5

Podgorica, N., Flatscher-Thöni, M., Deufert, D., Siebert, U., & Ganner, M. (2021). A systematic review of ethical and legal issues in elder care. Nursing ethics, 28(6), 895–910. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733020921488

Rink, L., Adams, A., Braun, C., Bschor, T., Kuhr, K., & Baethge, C. (2022). Dose-response relationship in selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in treating major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 91(2), 84-93.https://doi.org/10.1159/000520554

Saracino, R. M., & Nelson, C. J. (2019). Identification and treatment of depressive disorders in older adults with cancer. Journal of Geriatric Oncology, 10(5), 680–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgo.2019.02.005

Trivedi M. H. (2020). Major Depressive Disorder in Primary Care: Strategies for Identification. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 81(2), UT17042BR1C. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.UT17042BR1C