IDENTIFY A CARDIAC OR RESPIRATORY ISSUE AND OUTLINE THE KEY STEPS NECESSARY TO INCLUDE FOR PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION NRS 410

IDENTIFY A CARDIAC OR RESPIRATORY ISSUE AND OUTLINE THE KEY STEPS NECESSARY TO INCLUDE FOR PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION NRS 410

Topic 1 DQ 1

Identify a cardiac or respiratory issue and outline the key steps necessary to include for prevention and health promotion.

Replies

Class, can a patient have a cardiac and respiratory condition at the same time? Please tell us how you would explain this to a patient or family member.

·  Replies

Heart failure (HF) is a condition in which the cardiac and respiratory systems are interrelated. With HF, the heart fails to adequately distribute blood throughout the pulmonary system and systemic vasculature (Cross et al., 2020). HF is a chronic, progressive condition, and the heart cannot pump blood efficiently to help meet the body’s needs. As the heart tries to keep up with demands, it becomes enlarged and pumps faster. As the heart weakens, the blood tends to back up in the body, and fluid passes into the tissues, which leads to swelling (Gilbert, 2018). It can affect the blood pressure in the lungs, also leading to the build-up of fluid in the air sacs causing shortness of breath and fatigue. To explain, a nurse would educate the patient and family on how the heart and lungs interact—using easy-to-understand terms to explain how the heart pumping action delivers oxygen and nutrient-rich blood throughout the body. The nurse can use a model or handouts illustrating the blood flow between the heart and lungs. They can also use videos or website sources to demonstrate how a weakened heart can cause respiratory symptoms. Assessing patients for their preferred learning styles is necessary to ensure they can learn and understand the information provided. 

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References

Cross, T., Kim, C.-H., Johnson, B. D., & Lalande, S. (2020). The interactions between respiratory and cardiovascular systems in systolic heart failure. Journal of Applied Physiology, 128(1), 214–224. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00113.2019

Gilbert, J. (2018, February 23). How heart disease affects the respiratory system. Hometouch. https://myhometouch.com/articles/how-heart-disease-affects-the-respiratory-system

·  Charles Kimani

replied toBarb McGraw

Jul 18, 2022, 7:13 PM

·  Replies to Barb McGraw

That’s a great question for it makes one reflect on patho-physio and the dynamics of how things happen. As for this situation yes its very possible . To simplify if to a layman, the heart for numerous reasons slows down and cannot support systemic flow that leads the blood backing up to the lungs causing infiltration, in turn prevents O2/CO2 exchange thus causing a respiratory problem.

·  Dorothy Jayne Ray

replied toBarb McGraw

Jul 18, 2022, 10:31 PM

·  Replies to Barb McGraw

I like to explain to my patient and families in a way that they can understand. I often draw pictures for them. I would say this:

“CHF, which is also known as congestive heart failure, affects both your heart and lungs. The heart pumps the blood and pushes it out into the organs and this blood carries oxygen. If you have a heart that does not pump out the blood effectively then the organs can not get the needed oxygen it requires to function properly. This includes your lungs, so if you are moving around and doing any activity you can be short of breath because of the lack of oxygen. This also affects the lungs because the blood can back up from the weakened heart muscles into the lungs causing congestion and this can also cause breathing difficulties.”

I feel that if you educate the patient and families in a way they can understand they are more likely to be compliant with suggested treatments. Health literacy is crucial to health prevention measures and educating patients results will be “improved health outcomes and reduced morbidity, and mortality” (Paterick et al., 2017).

Reference

Paterick, T. E., Patel, N., Tajik, A. J., & Chandrasekaran, K. (2017). Improving health outcomes through patient education and partnerships with patients. Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center), 30(1), 112–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2017.11929552

·  Mary Bonillos

replied toBarb McGraw

Jul 20, 2022, 7:59 AM

·  Replies to Barb McGraw

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is another condition related to the heart. Affecting the lungs’ blood vessels, the constriction or wall thickening prevents blood flow and causes pressure build-up (American Heart Association [AHA], 2022). Pre-existing diseases such as congenital heart defects (CHD) can trigger secondary PAH. Atrial or ventricular septal defects cause a left-to-right- shunting of blood, causing too much blood flow through the lungs, increasing stress on the heart, and the high-pressure scars lung blood vessels (AHA, 2022). It is vital to repair congenital heart problems early, if possible, to try to reverse or prevent further damage to the vessels. Educating patients and families on CHD and PAH is vital to ensure they understand its impact on their lives. They must understand the importance of regular follow-ups with providers and taking medications as prescribed. PAH patients should avoid some activities, such as smoking, certain types of exercise, traveling to high-altitude locations, and avoiding estrogen forms of contraception and pregnancy (AHA, 2022). Preventing infections is essential; therefore, patients must be educated on the importance of vaccinations and routine dental exams. Some may need antibiotic therapy before dental procedures to prevent endocarditis. CHD is not preventable, and some patients are diagnosed as adults. Ensuring patients understand the disease and its impact on their lives, including what lifestyle changes they can make to improve their symptoms and prevent complications, is needed. Teaching gives patients the information needed to make the best health and well-being decisions, and additional resources such as websites, support groups, and community resources support continued learning.

Reference

American Heart Association. (2022). Pulmonary hypertension and chd. www.heart.org. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/the-impact-of-congenital-heart-defects/pulmonary-hypertension