N511 Module 5: Discussion Question

N511 Module 5: Discussion Question:

Choose either hypertension or COPD. Discuss at least three symptoms caused by physiologic changes and consequences of the disease and how pharmaceutical treatments are designed to alleviate those symptoms. What are the risks and benefits of these treatments? What patient education is needed? Locate at least one scholarly website or video that discusses a hypertension or COPD medication.

Your initial posting should be 200 to 300 words in length and utilize at least one scholarly source other than the textbook. Please reply to at least two classmates. Replies to classmates should be at least 100 words in length. To properly “thread” your discussion posting, please click on REPLY.

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Start by reading and following these instructions:

You are responsible for minimally at least 3 posts for each question in your discussion boards; your initial post and reply to two of your classmates. Your initial post(s) should be your response to the questions posed in the discussion question. You should research your answer and cite at least one scholarly source when appropriate, and always use quality writing. The discussion board is never a place to use text language or emoticons. You will also be asked to respond to your classmates. This is designed to enhance the academic discussion around the topic. It is all right to disagree with something posted by another, however your responses should always be thoughtful and respectful and reflect your opinions professionally.

When you are ready for the discussion, do the following:

1. Click on the discussion link above.
2. Start your answer by clicking “Start a New Thread” button with the title of your answer and the body of text following the guidance above.
3. To properly post your answer, please click on the “Post” button.
4. After posting your contribution, you must read what others have posted, reply to at least two of those posts, and respond (when appropriate) to those you have responded to you.

To reply to a classmate’s post:

1. Click on the title of another student’s post.
2. Click “Reply to Thread” and type your response to the student.
3. Click the “Post” button to post your reply.

N511 Module 5: Discussion Question

DYSFUNCTION-COPD

COPD is a progressive, inflammatory and an irreversible and declined disease which affects the lungs and the breathing pattern. When the walls of the airway become swollen and thick the lungs become clogged with extra mucus forming sacs. Between some of those formed sacs, the walls are damaged leading to breathing deficit. There are two conditions of different manifestation that predisposes to COPD-1) Chronic  Bronchitis when a stubborn cough is developed caused by the thicken extra mucus build up. 2)Emphysema when there is air sac damage which leads to a lesser, larger with less flexibility of the sacs which leads toa lesser area of breathing surface for oxygen absorption. Respiration is basically controlled by the central nervous system which also regulates the metabolic and cardiac system. The respiratory system exchanges the gases of( oxygen and carbon dioxide) with the environment externally and maintains the level of gases in a narrow range regardless of the body’s demands for oxygen.

Symptoms are an ineffective breathing pattern, productive cough, wheezing. These are caused by prolonged exposure to irritant gasses example cigarette smoke which is at high risk for the heart because in COPD the lungs is weakened by depleting the muscle of the heart of oxygen that can lead to heart attack started in-keeping Your Heart Healthy with COPD-COPDEveryday …https://www.everydayhealth.com  >copd.  COPD impact  the lung capacity and can cause:1) Hyperinflation of the lungs as res, 2) changes and restriction of the tidal volume, 3) Retention of carbon dioxide 4)  Desaturation caused dyspnea on exercise and making it difficult to perform activities of daily living or S.O.B on exhaustion.

Pharmaceutically therein no drugs available to for COPonly to relief the symptoms. However, the emphasis on smoking cessation is necessary due to its trigger and the leading cause of COPD. The disease is treated with bronchodilators as B2-adrenergic agonists in the form of aerosol or nebulizer, glucocorticoids are rarely used due to their ineffectiveness,  extreme cost and production of many side effects, antibiotics, vaccines, antioxidants,  and theophyllines are used orally.

Patients education needed in COPD are as follows 1) the sign and symptoms of COPD- cough with a lot of mucus, 2)duration of colds are longer cured,3)stop smoking, 4) breathing Technique purse lip breathing especially when in an SOB cricis,5)compliance with their medication, doctors visits, appointments  and follow-ups,6) medication list should always be kept on them at all times in cases of hospitalization, 7) the importance of regular exercise,8) daily hydration of water at least 6-8 glasses a day, no caffeine or alcoholic fluid, 9)do not stay around people wtith cold or flu and take flu vaccine yearly,10) COPD patients should perform things slowly, pace and rest between activities or request assistance as needed and  11)call 911 – in case cannot breathe, if noted fingernails are bluish in colour, it the heart is felt like pounding out of the chest  or if realization that talking and walking becomes difficult.

Reference

Patient Education Series from https://www.nursingcenter.com

ADAMS, HOLLAND, URBAN  PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSES A Pathophysiologic Approach (4 th edition ) PEARSON