NUR 550 Translational Research Assignment
NUR 550 Translational Research Assignment
NUR 550 Translational Research Assignment
NUR550 Translational Research and Population Health Management
Week 4 Discussion
DQ1 How does epidemiology helps in researching and addressing population health challenges? Provide a specific contemporary example.
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Epidemiology plays a significant role in the life of a researcher, particularly ones dealing with population health. As a study of diseases and their characteristics, they enable researchers to understand numerous aspects of the same and their impact on a population in question. Indeed, epidemiology illuminates various aspects of diseases since it is premised on the assumption that population health is affected by numerous risk factors. In the process of researching and addressing the risk factors affecting a population, epidemiology elucidates a health population, highlights risk factors and then examine the association between the health of a population and the multifarious risk agents (Gulis & Fujino, 2017). In order to achieve the above, epidemiology adopts the usage of the famous host-agent-environment triangle for purposes of describing how an individual, hence a population, becomes ill. The occurrence of a disease happens when an individual interacts with a vector. Whereas the latter has to be capable of causing a disease, the former has to be vulnerable to the same (Frerot et al., 2018). The interaction occurs within an environment that provides an enabling setting. However, epidemiology is not just limited to the interaction between the host and the vector within an environment, but also extends to the analysis of the health status of the people or population inhabiting the environment.
The epidemiological undertakings by scientists have changed greatly as new datasets and disciplines have been introduced to the study of diseases. For instance, the epidemiology of heart conditions will entail the examination of risk factors at a community level, say, among African-Americans. During such a study, conceptual frameworks will be built that will reflect the comprehension of African-Americans’ cultural, sociological, and structural factors that drive the existence of heart conditions among them. In addition, the differences in environmental exposures vis-à-vis the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among this population will also be used to understand it. From the example, it becomes clear that epidemiology plays a significant role in understanding diseases at a higher level.
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NUR 550 Translational Research Assignment References
Gulis, G., & Fujino, Y. (2015). Epidemiology, population health, and health impact assessment. Journal of epidemiology, 25(3), 179–180. doi:10.2188/jea.JE20140212
Frérot, M., Lefebvre, A., Aho, S., Callier, P., Astruc, K., & Aho Glélé, L. S. (2018). What is epidemiology? Changing definitions of epidemiology 1978-2017. PLoS ONE, 13(12), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208442
DQ2 Research a health concern that impacts a population with which you are familiar. How do biostatistics affect the research focus? How do you define the population as your patient? Make sure to include the population and health concern.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a gastrointestinal inflammatory condition that is named as the leading cause of death for premature infants (infants born before 32 weeks of gestation) (Masi et al., 2021). The symptoms of NEC are not specific and are challenging to distinguish between NEC and non-NEC pathologies (Coles et al., 2022). These dynamics cause an over-diagnosis of NEC and trigger unnecessary treatment plans that include a cessation of feedings and antibiotic treatment for preterm neonates; whereby antibiotics can actually increase the risk of NEC (Coles et al., 2022).
One of the data collection tools that could be utilized to diagnose and prevent NEC and/or the severity of NEC is the Nec-T-Aid assessment tool – a standardized risk assessment tool (could be utilized to reduce/eliminate protocol deviations), that provides a score that is equivalent to the level of risk of NEC (Coles et al., 2022). Scoring for the Nec-T-Aid assessment tool can be stored and accessed via the employee health record. Thus, this assessment tool could aid care providers in making decisions regarding feeding practices and antibiotic therapy for neonates who are at risk of developing NEC (Coles et al., 2022).
To ensure that barriers such as variations in data entry into the electronic health record (EHR), or that assessment tool scoring is standardized and uniform for all care providers, I would employ translational research phase T0. This phase of translational research would aid in evaluating the effectiveness of the Nec-T-Aid assessment tool via animal studies prior to conducting any clinical trials on humans. This would also help in establishing reliability and validity in the data collection process.
Moreover, to provide an understanding of the T0 phase of translational research, I would ensure that there is adequate training on the automated data review and data entry processes whereby information is input into a closed confidential system (to reduce any biases and/or protocol deviations). I would also communicate very frequently with all multi-disciplinary team members, providing feedback on any areas of opportunities so that evidence-based science can be translated into practice without delay, enhancing patient care and improving patient outcomes.
NUR 550 Translational Research Assignment Reference
Coles, V., Kortsalioudaki, C., Eaton, S., Curry, J., Aldeiri, B., Fullerton, L., & Huertas, A. (2022). Standardizing the elusive diagnosis of NEC in the premature infant – A practical score. Early Human Development, 175, 105692. https://10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105692
Masi, A. C., Embleton, N. D., Lamb, C. A., Young, G., Granger, C. L., Najera, J., Smith, D. P., Hoffman, K. L., Petrosino, J. F., Bode, L., Berrington, J. E., & Stewart, C. J. (2021). Human milk oligosaccharide DSLNT and gut microbiome in preterm infants predicts necrotizing enterocolitis. Gut, 70(12), 2273-2282. https://10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322771
Translational research seeks to produce more meaningful, applicable results that directly benefit human health. The goal of translational research is to translate (move) basic science discoveries more quickly and efficiently into practice. At TRI we provide numerous targeted resources to address barriers that can curb productivity and the swift translation of research into new health care advances.
Translational research:
Encourages and promotes multidisciplinary collaboration among laboratory and clinical researchers
Incorporates the desires of the general public, with communities being engaged to determine their needs for health innovation
Identifies and supports the adoption of best medical and health practices
Translational research is often classified by which stage of translation (from beginning research to societal application and impact) it falls into. The T Spectrum (Translational Spectrum) below illustrates the different stages of translational research.
NCATS, which supports the work of TRI, studies translation on a system-wide level as a scientific and operational problem. The NCATS website states that:
Translation is the process of turning observations in the laboratory, clinic and community into interventions that improve the health of individuals and the public — from diagnostics and therapeutics to medical procedures and behavioral changes.
Translational science is the field of investigation focused on understanding the scientific and operational principles underlying each step of the translational process.
Translational research is aimed at solving particular problems; the term has been used most commonly in life-sciences and biotechnology but applies across the spectrum of science and humanities.
In the field of education, it is defined for school-based education by the Education Futures Collaboration (www.meshguides.org) as research which translates concepts to classroom practice.[1] Examples of translational research are commonly found in education subject association journals and in the MESHGuides which have been designed for this purpose.
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You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.
Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.
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The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.