PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis Essay

PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis Essay

PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis Essay

Healing and Autonomy

The given case study is about Mike and Joanne. They are Samuel and James parents. James has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis, kidney failure. According to James’s physician, James requires to undergo dialysis as a way of maintaining his kidney functions. However, James’s parents are of the opinion that he seeks religious healings from his pastor. The physician agrees to their decision only for James to be brought back two days later with worsening health status. He was started on dialysis and requires urgent kidney transplant. Therefore, this research paper examines the case study with a focus on the various aspects that should be considered for the health and wellbeing of James.

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Should the Physician Allow Mike to Continue Making Decisions that Seem to him to be Irrational and Harmful to James?

The physician should not allow Mike to make decisions that irrational and harmful to James. Firstly, healthcare providers have the obligation of ensuring that the safety of the patient is protected. They make decisions that aim at optimizing the wellbeing, health, and recovery of the patients from their

conditions (Scott, 2017). Healthcare providers also play the role of patient advocates. This implies that they fight for their patients in situations where their health and lives are at risk. An example is the case study where it is evident that Mike’s decisions are causing more harm to James than promoting his recovery.

The physician also has knowledge on issues that cause ethical dilemmas in his practice. An example of such issue is the conflict between respecting the autonomy of the caregivers and taking decisions that promote the health and wellbeing of the patient. In such situations, healthcare providers are expected to make ethical decisions that will not only protect the health of the vulnerable but also demonstrate prioritization of the health issues affecting the population. Consequently, the physician should not allow Mike to make decisions in a way that facilitates the understanding of the family. This includes explaining to the family about the prognosis of their son and possible outcomes if immediate interventions are not adopted. PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis Essay

The decision of not allowing Mike to make decisions concerning James’s health is not a violation of the autonomy of the patient. The physician will instead be promoting his autonomy by ensuring that the best interventions are used to promote his health. Healthcare providers often experiences ethical dilemmas in their practice. In such situations, they are expected to prioritize the needs of the patient, hence, the soundness of the decision made. PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs Case Analysis Essay

How Ought Christians Think about Sickness and Health? How should a Christian Think about Medical Intervention? What Should Mike as a Christian do? How should he Reason about Trusting God and Treating James?

There exist significant differences in the way in which Christians and physicians view or understand a disease. For healthcare providers, a disease arises from a change in the normal physiological processes in the body. However, this view might be different according to religion. For example, it can be seen from the case study that Mike and Joanne are strong believers of Christianity. They believe that everything that happens in their lives is attributed to God. According to some Christians, a disease is a symbol of God’s test of their faith or believes. They consider that a disease is something that God sent to them to know if they have strong faith in him. The best approach to an illness to such Christians is holding to a belief that the disease will heal by itself once God is through testing them. God is therefore the healer. Some Christians also perceive a disease to be God’s punishment. According to them, God sends a disease to human beings as a way of showing his dissatisfaction with their behaviors. As a result, they must live in ways that align with God’s teachings for the disease to be healed. The last group of Christians perceives physicians or healthcare providers to be sent by God to help them manage their diseases. In this case, the healthcare providers assist God in promoting the health and wellbeing of his creations. Mike’s family perceives James’s condition as God’s test of his faith in him. Therefore, the strongly believe that God will heal him once he has finished testing their faith. PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis Essay

It is therefore important that Christians consider medical interventions as part of the ways in which God’s efforts to promoting health and wellbeing are promoted. They should believe that medical interventions would enable them to see the doings of God through their recovery from the disease. Based on this, Mike should allow medical interventions to be utilized for the recovery and wellbeing of his son. He should have faith in God that the dialysis and kidney transplant will restore his son’s health. He should also consider the physician and other healthcare providers as part of the angels of God. Therefore, he should hold on the belief that God’s intentions will manifest through their medical interventions. Through this, Mike will be promoting beneficence and non-maleficence by ensuring that the safest care is given to his son. Furthermore, the decision will eliminate any future blames if medical interventions prove ineffective in promoting James’s recovery. PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs Case Analysis Essay

How Would Spiritual Needs Assessment Help the Physician Assist Mike Determine Interventions for James and for his Family or Others involved in his Care

Spiritual assessment is an important component in the provision of holistic care to the patients. Spiritual assessment would have benefited the effective management of James’s condition in a number of ways. Firstly, the physician could have learned about the spiritual needs of the family and their relationship with the care needed by the patient. It would have enabled him to explore the manner in which medical interventions can be used in a manner that does not conflict with the interests and expectations of the family. Spiritual assessment could have also enabled the physician to identify the teams that should be involved in making decisions on the care needed by the patient (Doreen, 2016). For example, he would have considered the need for incorporating the efforts of the family’s spiritual leader in deciding on the best treatment approach for the patient. PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis Essay

Spiritual needs assessment would have also enabled the physician to identify the family’s values, beliefs, and practices that are needed to ensure the adoption and sustainability of the adopted interventions. He could have also learned about the ways in which his values, beliefs, and practices are likely to influence the treatment decisions for the patient. For example, being medical personnel, he would have used biblical examples to increase the understanding of the family about the need for medical interventions (Doreen, 2016). Through it, he could have made them understand the interrelationship between medicine and religion.

Conclusion

In summary, the case study has shown the manner in which religion can influence the uptake of health interventions. It has revealed the manner in which the religious beliefs of the patients need to be incorporated into care for optimum health to be achieved. Therefore, it is important that healthcare providers incorporate spiritual assessment into their plans of care. This will enable them to provide care that promote. PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs Case Analysis Essay

Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis

In addition to the topic study materials, use the chart you completed and questions you answered in the Topic 3 about ”Case Study: Healing and Autonomy” as the basis for your responses in this assignment.

Answer the following questions about a patient’s spiritual needs in light of the Christian worldview.

In 200-250 words, respond to the following: Should the physician allow Mike to continue making decisions that seem to him to be irrational and harmful to James, or would that mean a disrespect of a patient’s autonomy? Explain your rationale.
In 400-500 words, respond to the following: How ought the Christian think about sickness and health? How should a Christian think about medical intervention? What should Mike as a Christian do? How should he reason about trusting God and treating James in relation to what is truly honoring the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence in James’s care?
In 200-250 words, respond to the following: How would a spiritual needs assessment help the physician assist Mike determine appropriate interventions for James and for his family or others involved in his care?
Remember to support your responses with the topic study materials.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs Case Analysis Essay

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

Benchmark Information

This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:

BS in Health Sciences 1.2; BS Nursing (RN to BSN ) 5.2

Assess for the spiritual needs and provide appropriate interventions for individuals, families, and groups.

Attachments
PHI-413V-RS-T3T5CaseStudyHealingAndAutonomy.docx
RUBRIC
Attempt Start Date: 18-Oct-2021 at 12:00:00 AM

Due Date: 24-Oct-2021 at 11:59:59 PM
Maximum Points: 200.0 Please read instructions, look at example and rubric carefully, thanks. there is 1, 2 3 to this assignment

Case Study: Healing and Autonomy

Mike and Joanne are the parents of James and Samuel, identical twins born 8 years ago. James is currently suffering from acute glomerulonephritis, kidney failure. James was originally brought into the hospital for complications associated with a strep throat infection. The spread of the A streptococcus infection led to the subsequent kidney failure. James’s condition was acute enough to warrant immediate treatment. Usually cases of acute glomerulonephritis caused by strep infection tend to improve on their own or with an antibiotic. However, James also had elevated blood pressure and enough fluid buildup that required temporary dialysis to relieve.

The attending physician suggested immediate dialysis. After some time of discussion with Joanne, Mike informs the physician that they are going to forego the dialysis and place their faith in God. Mike and Joanne had been moved by a sermon their pastor had given a week ago, and also had witnessed a close friend regain mobility when she was prayed over at a healing service after a serious stroke. They thought it more prudent to take James immediately to a faith healing service instead of putting James through multiple rounds of dialysis. Yet, Mike and Joanne agreed to return to the hospital after the faith healing services later in the week, and in hopes that James would be healed by then.

Two days later the family returned and was forced to place James on dialysis, as his condition had deteriorated. Mike felt perplexed and tormented by his decision to not treat James earlier. Had he not enough faith? Was God punishing him or James? To make matters worse, James’s kidneys had deteriorated such that his dialysis was now not a temporary matter and was in need of a kidney transplant. Crushed and desperate, Mike and Joanne immediately offered to donate one of their own kidneys to James, but they were not compatible donors. Over the next few weeks, amidst daily rounds of dialysis, some of their close friends and church members also offered to donate a kidney to James. However, none of them were tissue matches. PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs Case Analysis Essay

James’s nephrologist called to schedule a private appointment with Mike and Joanne. James was stable, given the regular dialysis, but would require a kidney transplant within the year. Given the desperate situation, the nephrologist informed Mike and Joanne of a donor that was an ideal tissue match, but as of yet had not been considered—James’s brother Samuel.

Mike vacillates and struggles to decide whether he should have his other son Samuel lose a kidney or perhaps wait for God to do a miracle this time around. Perhaps this is where the real testing of his faith will come in? Mike reasons, “This time around it is a matter of life and death. What could require greater faith than that?” PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis Essay

Course Code Class Code Assignment Title Total Points
PHI-413V PHI-413V-O504 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis 200.0

Criteria Percentage Unsatisfactory (0.00%) Less Than Satisfactory (65.00%) Satisfactory (75.00%) Good (85.00%) Excellent (100.00%)
Content 90.0%
PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis Essay Decision-Making and Principle of Autonomy 30.0% Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are not analyzed according to the principle of autonomy. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed from both perspectives, but the analysis according to the principle of autonomy is unclear. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed from both perspectives, but the analysis according to the principle of autonomy lack details. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed from both perspectives with details according to the principle of autonomy. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed from both perspectives with a deep understanding of the complexity of the principle of autonomy. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis Essay

Decision-Making, Christian Perspective, and the Principles of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence 30.0% Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are not analyzed according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, but the analysis is unclear. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence but lacks details. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed with details according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed with deep understanding of the complexity of the Christian perspective, as well as with the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis Essay

Spiritual Needs Assessment and Intervention (C1.2, 5.2) 30.0% How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is not analyzed. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is analyzed, but unclear. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is clearly analyzed but lacks details. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is clearly analyzed with details. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is clearly analyzed with a deep understanding of the connection between a spiritual needs assessment and providing appropriate interventions. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis Essay

Organization, Effectiveness, and Format 10.0%
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) 5.0% Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style) 5.0% Sources are not documented. Documentation of sources is inconsistent and/or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error. PHI 413 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs Case Analysis Essay

Benchmark-Patient Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis

Religion and spirituality are essential components for many individuals as each person has their belief systems. Healthcare providers like nurses and physicians through evidence-based practice (EBP) model need to consider religious beliefs and spiritual needs of their patients, especially when dealing with complicated medical situations and decisions for their patients and families (Damiano et al., 2021). Patients and their families need spiritual analysis to make effective decisions and accept the prescribed care interventions. The purpose of this paper is to offer a reflective analysis of a case study about a minor with glomerulonephritis yet parents, Mike and Joanne, make decisions that are based on their religious beliefs and not founded on medical evidence. The paper analyses the case and discusses the reflective findings over the issue.

Allowing Mike to Make Decisions that Seem Irrational and Harmful to James

Physicians have an ethical and legal obligation to respect patient’s preferences and decisions based on the concept of autonomy as one of the biomedical ethical principles. The concept implores healthcare providers to respect the decisions and preferences of their patients, even when they do not agree with them because they have the right to determine the kind of care that they should receive from providers. In this case, James is incompetent because he is a minor and his preferences and decisions are made by his parents, especially the father, Mike (Zwitter, 2019). The concept of autonomy is essential in this case and the physician should respect any decision and preferences that Mike makes, irrespective of how irrational they may seem or look. The decision my Mike to forego dialysis for his son and opt for miracle prayers at his church was not the best. However, the physician has an obligation to allow the parent to make decisions that he deems will provide benefits to his son.

The physician should use his expertise and experience to provide information and educate the couple about the dangers of foregoing treatment interventions like the dialysis. The physician needs to emphasize that while having hope is critical, it is important for the patient to take certain steps to attain better outcomes. The implication is that using this approach will allow the physician to demonstrate the need for dialysis and the eventual kidney transplant as the permanent or long-term intervention for the patient (Sledge et al., 2022).  The physician should refrain from imposing any beliefs or even his scientific knowledge and expertise to the patient and his family. He needs to wait for their decisions and preferences and consider them to offer quality care.

Christian Thinking on Sickness and Health, Medical Intervention and Honoring Beneficence and non-maleficence

The perceived role of religion in health and illness as well as the healing continuum is a critical factor among many Christians seeking healthcare services. Christians should perceive sickness and health as two critical issues in one’s beliefs and the perception that they will have on medical interventions. Sickness is not a punishment from God but offers a chance for one to have better outcomes by following recommendations and interventions as prescribed by the providers. Christians should consider health is attainment of wellness but not the absence of any disease or condition in their lives. Health is a gift from God but should demonstrate that one has more faith than another one. Therefore, Christians should consider health as important and those sick seek medical intervention to attain better status.

Medical interventions look at processes and actions aimed at restoration of health and preventing the occurrence of diseases and health conditions. Mike needs to consider that the current situation and condition requires medical interventions. Mike should not perceive James’ condition as lack of trust and faith in God leading him to seek spiritual intervention. Therefore, Christians should not oppose medical interventions but consider them as a way of attaining healing. Christians should accept science and its biomedical uses to prevent and eliminate unnecessary suffering and protect the sanctity of life (Zwitter, 2019). The biblical account and teachings are categorical that medical interventions alongside prayers can lead to healing and restoration of health. God bestows intelligence onto man and through his power, allowed people to discover medical interventions to cure diseases and prevent or stop suffering.

Christians should consider medical knowledge and expertise as God’s gift to offer healing to His people. Christians should know that alongside prayers, these interventions are essential and lead to quality care outcomes as well as demonstrate the autonomy, use of evidence-based practices, and overall need for people to have better healthcare (Zwitter, 2019). In this case, Mike must demonstrate his faith in God and allow the providers to use medical interventions as prescribed to cure his son and provide a healing environment.

As a Christian, Mike need to maintain his faith and trust in God that He shall heal his son despite the current condition. Mike should allow the physician to implement the suggested interventions while he prays for miracles. Mike need to allow James to undergo the dialysis and use the information offered by the medical team to determine the best way to alleviate his son’s suffering. The most effective decision for Mike and Joanne is to collaborate with the physician and his team while allowing James to undergo the kidney transplant without any hindrances. The should pray for God’s healing while ensuring that they respect all medical interventions for the best interests and benefits of their son, James.

The principle of beneficence focuses on promotion of greater good for patients and engagement in actions that are in the best intentions of a patients (Beauchamp & Childress, 2019). Mike can honor this ethical principle by acknowledging the magnitude of James’s condition and the need for a transplant. Mike should consider that the recommendation for James to have a transplant is aimed at his good and not intention harm based on the principle of non-maleficence. By allowing the son to undergo these interventions, Mike would be respecting the principle of beneficence and non-maleficence. Mike should ensure that his son gets the best treatment interventions and coordinate with the physician and his team to offer the best care for their son.

Spiritual Needs Assessment

The consideration of a patient’s spiritual needs is critical in provision of effective and holistic care to patients. The provision of a spiritual needs assessment is to allow physicians integrate different spiritual aspects of a patient in their treatment plans and interventions. The core goal of the spiritual assessment is to enable the physician find the best way to support the patient and their families through the integration of religious beliefs and other preferences into the care plan. Further, the assessment is also important as it allows a patient to use the available spiritual resources in their facility to enhance their wellness and response to health interventions (Fuchs et al., 2021). Again, the spiritual assessment leads to the development of better interactions and therapeutic alliances between patients and their providers in different care settings. Studies show that meeting or satisfaction of a