PICOT Decision Pathway
PICOT Decision Pathway
DNP 801 Topic 3 Evidence Based PICOT Question
PICOT Question Template | |||
Section 1: In this section provide one word to describe each section of your proposed PICOT question | |||
P | Population | Families | |
I | Intervention | Recycling | |
C | Comparison | Not recycling | |
O | Outcome | Reduced cost | |
T | Timeline | Six months | |
Section 2: Write your PICOT question below using the words listed above. | |||
PICOT | In families who need medication refill, does recycling drugs in nursing homes result in reduction in cost of medications when compared to no recycling within a period of six months? | ||
Section 3: Use your PICOT to develop a formalized problem statement. Use the example below to help formulate your problem statement.
As you move through the program, you will be building your project based on the PICOT question. Your problem statement, purpose statement, and clinical question(s) will be derived from the PICOT, though they are formatted differently. Use the instructions below as an initial exercise in visualizing how your problem and purpose statements might look. Read the instructions and then develop your problem and purpose statements in the designated fields below each instruction field |
|||
Problem Statement Format Instructions | A well-written problem statement begins with the big picture of the issue (macro) and works to the small, narrower and more specific problem (micro). It clearly communicates the significance, magnitude, and importance of the problem and transitions into the Purpose of the Project with a declarative statement such as “It is not known if and to what degree/extent…” or “It is not known how/why and…”.
Other examples are: While the literature indicates ____________, it is not known in _________. (organization/community) if __________. It is not known how or to what extent ________________. |
||
Problem Statement | Medication wastage in the form of unused drugs is one of the challenges facing the health care organizations in the modern world. It is estimated that unused drugs cost states such as the US and UK about $5 billion on annual basis (Bekker et al., 2019). The high cost of unused medications is also transferred to the patients and their families. While wastages are reported, it does not result in the reduction of cost of medications for the patients and their families seeking care in health institutions. As shown by Bekker et al., (2017), families and patients continue to incur huge costs in acquiring medications due to the introduction of new and expensive drugs. Recycling drugs is one of the ways in which the issue of high cost of medications incurred by patients and families can be solved. According to Bekker et al., (2019) and Toh and Chew (2017), recycling or re-dispensing unused medications could result in optimization of the use of healthcare resources. It could also lower the cost of purchasing the drugs since the purchasing cost by pharmacies and health organizations is reduced. According to Bekker et al., (2017), the reduction in healthcare budget with recycling of medications could lead to a substantial decline in the cost of medicines. While recycling promises to reduce the cost of drugs incurred by patients and their families, little has been done to determine its effectiveness in reducing costs incurred by these stakeholders (Bekker et al., 2017). Similarly, the existing evidence on the use of recycling of medications has largely focused on pharmacies and health organizations. Scarcity in evidence obtained from stakeholders such as the patients and their families exist (Bekker et al., 2019). Consequently, it is essential that a study focusing on the perception of the patients and families on the impacts of re-dispensing drugs on cost should be obtained to bridge the existing gap in evidence. | ||
Section 4: Based on your PICOT, create a declarative purpose statement. Use the example below as a reference. | |||
Purpose Statement Format Instructions | “The purpose of this project is….” Included in this statement are also the project design, population, variables (quantitative) to be studied, and the geographic location.
Creswell (2003) provided some sample templates for developing purpose statements aligned with the different project methods as follows: Having Trouble Meeting Your Deadline?Get your assignment on PICOT Decision Pathway completed on time. avoid delay and – ORDER NOW The purpose of this quantitative ___________ (correlational, descriptive, etc.) project is to ____________ (compare or see to what degree a relationship exists) between/among ______________________ (independent variable) to ___________________ (dependent variable) for ________________ (participants) at ___________________ (project site/geographical location). The ________ (independent variable) will be defined/measured as/by _______ (provide a general definition). The (dependent variable) will be defined/measured as/by ______ (provide a general definition). |
||
Purpose Statement | The purpose of this quantitative descriptive project is to compare the cost of medications incurred by patients and their families when medications are re-dispensed and not re-dispensed in nursing homes in our state. The dependent variable will be measured by determining cost incurred in procuring drugs by the patients and their families while independent variable will be determined by re-dispensing or not re-dispensing drugs. |
References
Bekker, C. L., Gardarsdottir, H., Egberts, A. C., Molenaar, H. A., Bouvy, M. L., van den Bemt, B. J., & Hövels, A. M. (2019). What does it cost to redispense unused medications in the pharmacy? A micro-costing study. BMC health services research, 19(1), 243. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12913-019-4065-6
Bekker, C. L., Gardarsdottir, H., Egberts, T. C., Bouvy, M. L., & van den Bemt, B. J. (2017). Redispensing of medicines unused by patients: a qualitative study among stakeholders. International journal of clinical pharmacy, 39(1), 196-204. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11096-017-0424-8
Toh, M. R., & Chew, L. (2017). Turning waste medicines to cost savings: a pilot study on the feasibility of medication recycling as a solution to drug wastage. Palliative medicine, 31(1), 35-41. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269216316639798
Struggling to Meet Your Deadline?
Get your assignment on PICOT Decision Pathway done on time by medical experts. Don’t wait – ORDER NOW!
Details:
The purpose of this assignment is to draft an appropriate and effective PICOT question that can be related to your DNP project. Keep in mind your project will continue to evolve and take more specific shape as you move through your program. That is expected. It is important to begin with a workable PICOT question in mind so that you start off on the right track and can continue to refine your area in subsequent courses.
Consider an advanced practice nursing care problem or issue related to your intended DPI Project. Conduct a search in the GCU Library using CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), OVID, or Sage Research Methods databases to find appropriate empirical resources regarding applicable nursing intervention research.
General Requirements:
- Doctoral learners are required to use Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
- This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
- You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.
- Review the “PICOT Decision Pathway” and “PICOT Selection Guidelines” resources.
Directions:
- Utilizing your feedback you have received on your draft PICOT question from Topic 2 DQ1, create a draft PICOT question specifically related to your project. This PICOT will be revised and in Topic 8 will be submitted for approval by the college.
- Use the “PICOT Decision Pathway” to determine if your PICOT question is appropriate and can be supported with substantial research.
- Using the “PICOT Question Template”, formulate an evidence-based practice (EBP) question that pertains to your project focus.
- In addition to your evidence-based practice PICOT question, prepare a brief abstract about your topic. Include a rationale for why you have selected this topic and why you believe it is in line with the PICOT selection guidelines. If you have selected a route that advises caution on the “PICOT Decision Pathway” explain how you think you might mitigate complications that could occur to ensure you are able to successfully accomplish your project in a timely manner.ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASSDiscussion Questions (DQ)
- Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
- Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
- One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
- I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.
Weekly Participation
- Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
- In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
- Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
- Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.
APA Format and Writing Quality
- Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
- Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
- I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.
Use of Direct Quotes
- I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
- As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
- It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.
LopesWrite Policy
- For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
- Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
- Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
- Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.
Late Policy
- The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
- Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
- If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
- I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
- As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.
Communication
- Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
- Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
- Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.
Don’t wait until the last minute
Fill in your requirements and let our experts deliver your work asap.