RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND PICOT STATEMENT FINAL DRAFT NRS 433

RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND PICOT STATEMENT FINAL DRAFT NRS 433

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Background

There are both qualitative and quantitative studies considered in the research processes. The studies had objectives, purposes, research questions. The qualitative study I, “Qualitative study of telemonitoring of blood glucose and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes” by Hanley et al., (2015) involves an investigation of the experiences of professionals and patients taking part in the randomized controlled trials of blood pressure, blood glucose, and weight. The problem under consideration is type 2 diabetes. The article is significant to nursing because it entails different approaches geared towards enhancing evidence-based practices. The purpose of the article is to determine the best interventions for the patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. One of the research question is: Does telemonitoring of blood glucose, blood pressure and weight in primary care a promising approach of improving diabetes management?

The qualitative article II considered is: “Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association” by Colberg et al. (2016). The main objective of the article is to determine the impacts of physical activity/exercise on the management of diabetes. The article is significant to nursing since it involves consideration of different nursing approaches or interventions when it come to the management of diseases. The purpose of the article is to determine the best interventions that can be applied in the management of type 2 diabetes (Colberg et al., 2016). The objective of the research article II is to determine the best interventions for the individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes. The article focuses on the physical activity as the best approach when it comes to the management of type 2 diabetes. From the research article, the American Diabetes association recommend physical activities/exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes. There are different other interventions mentioned in the article; however, the focus is on the physical activities. The main research question in the article is: does the physical activity/exercise aids in the reduction of type 2 diabetes? The question covers all the aspect of the paper. In other words, it reflects the research objectives, the purpose of the research and literature review.

The quantitative Study III, “Stress increases the risk of type 2 diabetes onset in women: A 12-year longitudinal study using causal modelling” by Harris, M. L., Oldmeadow, C., Hure, A., Luu, J., Loxton, D., & Attia, J. (2017) has been used in support of the PICOT question and the research on the type 2 diabetes. The study is about type two diabetes. According to the authors, type 2 diabetes is associated with significant mortality and morbidity rates. There are different modifiable risk factors that are associated with type 2 diabetes. These risk factors contribute up to sixty percent of the disease. Despite the interventions that have been put in place, cases of type 2 diabetes continue to rise. As a result, there is need to identify additional risk factors for prevention of chronic diseases. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between type 2 diabetes onset and the perceived stress (Kahn et al., 2017). The study is significant to nursing since it provides different interventions and strategies that can be applied in the healthcare system to manage type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the study is to determine the correlation between the perceived stress and type 2 diabetes. Also, the main problem under investigation is type 2 diabetes and the impacts on the stress management.  The main research question is: Is perceived stress a strong risk factor in type 2 diabetes?

Quantitative study IV, “Diet soda intake is associated with long‐term increases in waist circumference in a biethnic cohort of older adults: The San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging.” by Fowler, S. P., Williams, K., & Hazuda, H. P. (2015) has been included in the study process. According to the quantitative research article, in a striking dose-response relationship, enhancing the Diet Soda Intake is associated with mounting abdominal obesity, the potential pathway for cardiometabolic risk in this aging population. The main problem under consideration in the research is abdominal obesity, a lifestyle complication that continues to impact many people across the world. The study is significant to the nursing practice because it provides strategies that can be applied in evidence-based practice. The purpose of the study is to determine the correlation between diet soda intake and the wait circumference in the biethnic cohort of adult participants. The main objective of the study is to assess the relationship that exist between the diet soda intake and the long-term waist circumference. The main research question is: Is there any correlation between diet soda intake and the waist circumference?   

How the Articles Support the Nurse Practice Issue

Study III and Study IV support the nurse practice issue, type 2 diabetes indicated above. In other words, the information contained in these two articles is essential in answering the PICOT question. The interventions applied in the two articles are relevant to the PICOT question. Therefore, they can be applied in elaboration of different aspects of the PICOT question. The approaches applied in the two articles lead to increased credibility of the research outcomes, which increases the applicability of the two studies in answering the PICOT question.

Articles I and II provide helpful information that can be applied in answering the PICOT question on diabetes. The issue is type 2 diabetes. From the research articles, there are literature reviews consisting of advanced information required in the understanding of the topic and the main issues surrounding the PICOT question. Article I elaborates on the effective interventions that can be undertaken to reduce type 2 diabetes. Also, with the established outcomes from the research processes, the two articles provide elaborate and conclusive information that can be used to answer or address different aspects of the PICOT question. Article II elaborates on the physical activities or the exercise as one of the main practice of reducing type 2 diabetes.

Method of Study

For the quantitative study III and IV, the longitudinal study method was applied. Surveys were done to collect data used in the process of analysis. For study II, the prospective cohort study method was applied in answering the research question. The two qualitative articles adhere to the qualitative approach. However, qualitative study I and II incorporates observational approaches to the institute findings on the basis of the objectives and the research questions. The methodologies applied in the articles are therefore different. The advantage of longitudinal method is that there is a possibility of showing a pattern of a given variable over a period. One of the limitations of the longitudinal method is that while longitudinal data are collected at multiple points, the observation periods are usually pre-determined and there is no consideration of what has happened between the touch points. One of the benefits of the observational method of the qualitative research is that it is simpler and easier to use. The disadvantage of the method is that there is always lack of in-depth analysis leading to the lack of comprehensive outcomes.

Results of Study

For the quantitative study III, there are different modifiable risk factors that are associated with type 2 diabetes. These risk factors contribute up to sixty percent of the disease. Stress increases the risk of type 2 diabetes onset in women. The quantitative study IV reveals that Diet soda intake is associated with long‐term increases in waist circumference in a biethnic cohort of older adults. The two studies have implications in the nursing practice. The methodologies applied in both can be applied in the evidence-based practices. In other words, the two studies enhance different approaches in the nursing practice. Also, the methodologies applied can be used to enhance research processes which facilitate nursing practices.

The qualitative study I concludes that physical activities/ exercise reduce the cases of type 2 diabetes. In other words, physical exercise is one of the best interventions in the management of type 2 diabetes. From the information obtained from different sources, qualitative research article II concludes that the adoption and maintenance of physical activities are essential for the blood glucose management and overall health among the individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes.

The four studies have different implications in the nursing practice. The studies facilitate the acquisition of knowledge and practical skills when it comes to the management of type 2 diabetes. In other words, the two studies provide new knowledge in the nursing practices and the understanding of the steps that ought to be undertaken to reduce health complications associated with type 2 diabetes. 

Ethical Considerations

Ethical considerations are significant in the research processes. From the two qualitative research articles, there is the portrayal of confidentiality and respect for human dignity. These are some of the ethical considerations that have been applied in the two research articles. Before engaging in a research process, the acquisition of consent from the respondents is always necessary. Also, there is always the need to keep patients’ information safe so as to avoid the loss of important information. When undertaking the above qualitative studies, researchers adhered to the confidentiality of information which is considered to be one of the major ethical concerns. Also, they managed to do their studies in line with the requirements that protect human dignity, especially for the study participants.

Researchers in the four studies researchers adhered to the confidentiality of information. For the quantitative articles, researchers managed to safely keep confidentiality of the data that have been obtained. Also, in both the qualitative and quantitative research articles, there was the application of consent to confirm respondent’s willingness to participate in the study process.

Outcomes Comparison

The expected outcome of the PICOT question is that web-based intervention processes in the management of type 2 diabetes are effective. The four studies provide elaborate answers to the identified PICOT question. The two quantitative articles can therefore be applied in answering the PICOT question. In other words, the outcomes of the two studies reveals different interventions that are effective in the management of type 2 diabetes. The outcomes of the four articles are in line with the anticipated outcomes in the research processes.   

Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change

The PICOT question is: In older adults with type 2 diabetes (P), can lifestyle changes (I) compared to medical interventions (C) help to reduce the rate of infection (O) in six months (T)? There is a strong link between the PICOT question, the research articles identified, and the nursing practice problem that have been identified, i.e. the management of type 2 diabetes. The research articles identified provide elaborate information and the research outcomes that can be applied in answering some of the aspects of the PICOT question. Also, the articles can be applied to address the nursing practice problem that have been identified. The four articles provide detailed research outcomes that can be applied in addressing different aspects of the PICOT question. The link between the PICOT question, research articles, as well as the nursing practice, can be used to propose evidence-based practices changes in the management of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. The above processes provide the research strategies that can be applied in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes.    

References

Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., … & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care, 39(11), 2065-2079. Retrieved from: https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/39/11/2065.short

Fowler, S. P., Williams, K., & Hazuda, H. P. (2015). Diet soda intake is associated with long‐term increases in waist circumference in a biethnic cohort of older adults: The San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 63(4), 708-715. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13376

Hanley, J., Fairbrother, P., McCloughan, L., Pagliari, C., Paterson, M., Pinnock, H., … & McKinstry, B. (2015). Qualitative study of telemonitoring of blood glucose and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes. BMJ open, 5(12). Retrieved from: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/12/e008896.short

Harris, M. L., Oldmeadow, C., Hure, A., Luu, J., Loxton, D., & Attia, J. (2017). Stress increases the risk of type 2 diabetes onset in women: A 12-year longitudinal study using causal modelling. PloS one, 12(2), e0172126. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172126

Assessment Description

Prepare this assignment as a 1,500-1,750-word paper using the instructor feedback from the previous course assignments and the guidelines below.

PICOT Question 

Revise the PICOT question you wrote in the Topic 1 assignment using the feedback you received from your instructor.
The final PICOT question will provide a framework for your capstone project (the project students must complete during their final course in the RN-BSN program of study).

Research Critiques

In the Topic 2 and Topic 3 assignments, you completed qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research critiques on two articles for each type of study (four articles total). Use the feedback you received from your instructor on these assignments to finalize the critical analysis of each study by making appropriate revisions.

The completed analysis should connect to your identified practice problem of interest that is the basis for your PICOT question.

Use the “Research Critiques and PICOT Question Guidelines – Final Draft” document to organize your essay. Questions under each heading should be addressed as a narrative in the structure of a formal paper. Please note that there are two new additional sections: Outcomes Comparison and Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change.

General Requirements

You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.  

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.